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Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells or Tissues: Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines and Therapies Studies
Jolly, A.; Fernández, B.; Mundo, S.L.; Elguezabal, N. Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies. Animals2023, 13, 3553.
Jolly, A.; Fernández, B.; Mundo, S.L.; Elguezabal, N. Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies. Animals 2023, 13, 3553.
Jolly, A.; Fernández, B.; Mundo, S.L.; Elguezabal, N. Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies. Animals2023, 13, 3553.
Jolly, A.; Fernández, B.; Mundo, S.L.; Elguezabal, N. Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies. Animals 2023, 13, 3553.
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that affects a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. It is considered as one of the diseases with the highest economic impact in the ruminant industry. Despite many efforts and intensive research, PTB control is still controversially discussed and diagnostic and immunoprophylactic tools lack great limitations. Thus, models play a crucial role in understanding the pathogenesis of infection and disease, and in testing novel vaccine candidates. Here, we review the potential and limitations of different experimental approaches currently used in PTB research, focusing on laboratory animals and cell based models. The aim of this review is to offer a vision of the models that have been used and what has been achieved or discovered with each one so that the reader can choose the best model to answer their scientific questions and prove their hypotheses. Also, we bring forward new approaches that we consider worth exploring in the near future.
Keywords
paratuberculosis; in vivo; in vitro; ex vivo; infection model; macrophage; neutrophil; epithelial cell; rabbit; experimental infection
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
