Mori, T.; Giovannelli, L.; Bilia, A.R.; Margheri, F. Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics2023, 15, 2276.
Mori, T.; Giovannelli, L.; Bilia, A.R.; Margheri, F. Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 2276.
Mori, T.; Giovannelli, L.; Bilia, A.R.; Margheri, F. Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics2023, 15, 2276.
Mori, T.; Giovannelli, L.; Bilia, A.R.; Margheri, F. Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 2276.
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are common pathological processes caused by various acute and chronic factors and some of them are autoimmune diseases. Exosomes are fundamental extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cells, which contain a series of constituents, i.e. cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins (actin, tubulin, histones), nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, DNA), lipids (diacylglycerophosphates, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, ceramide), and other bioactive components (cytokines, signal transduction proteins, enzymes, antigen presentation and membrane transport/fusion molecules, adhesion molecules). This review would be a synopsis of the actual knowledge on the contribution of exosomes from different cell sources as possible therapeutic agents against inflammation, focusing on several inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, intestinal bowel disease, asthma, liver and kidney injuries. Current knowledge indicates that the role of exosomes in therapy of inflammation and in inflammatory diseases could be distinctive. Main limitations to their clinical translation are still production, isolation, and storage. Additionally, there is an urgent need to personalize the treatments in terms of selection of exosomes, their dosages and routes of administration, and a deeper knowledge about their biodistribution, type and incidence of adverse events and long-term effects of exosomes. In conclusion, exosomes can very promising next generation therapeutic option, superior to synthetic nanocarriers and cell therapy, and can represent a new strategy of effective, safe, versatile and selective delivery systems in the future.
Keywords
extracellular vesicles; exosomes; chemical composition; miRNA; nanocarriers; inflammation; neurological diseases; liver; kidney and lung injuries; rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis; intestinal bowel diseases
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
