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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
supplementary.pdf (311.04KB )
Submitted:
07 August 2023
Posted:
08 August 2023
You are already at the latest version
Variables | Sex | Total (n=1771) |
NSSI (n=303) |
SI (n=436) |
SA (n=147) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
males (n = 994) | females (n = 777) | |||||
Regional areas (n, %)* | ||||||
Qidong County | 293(29.5) | 161(20.7) | 454(25.6) | 95(31.4) | 131(30.0) | 49(33.3) |
Guangming District | 132(13.3) | 111(14.3) | 243(13.7) | 60(19.8) | 74(17.0) | 36(24.5) |
Zhongshan City | 569(57.2) | 505(65.0) | 1074(60.7) | 148(48.8) | 231(53.0) | 62(42.2) |
School type (n, %)* | ||||||
Public | 384(38.6) | 353(45.4) | 737(41.6) | 94(31.0) | 165(37.8) | 44(29.9) |
Private | 610(61.4) | 424(54.6) | 1034(58.4) | 209(69.0) | 271(62.2) | 103(70.1) |
Ethnicity (n, %)a | ||||||
Han | 875(88.0) | 700(90.1) | 1575(88.9) | 265(87.5) | 378(86.7) | 130(88.4) |
Other | 31(3.1) | 27(3.5) | 58(3.3) | 9(3.0) | 15(3.4) | 6(4.1) |
Age (M, SD) | 12.95±0.63 | 12.91±0.62 | 12.93±0.62 | 12.91±0.69 | 12.95±0.68 | 12.91±0.70 |
Single child (n, %) *, a | 194(19.5) | 107(13.8) | 301(17.0) | 44(14.5) | 59(13.5) | 19(12.9) |
Caregiver’s educational level (n, %)a | ||||||
Junior high school or below | 578(58.2) | 463(59.6) | 1041(58.8) | 180(59.4) | 262(60.2) | 90(61.2) |
Senior high school or technical school | 223(22.4) | 186(23.9) | 409(23.1) | 77(25.4) | 113(25.9) | 36(24.5) |
College or above | 167(16.8) | 117(15.1) | 284(16.0) | 41(13.5) | 56(12.8) | 19(12.9) |
Parenting style (n, %)* | ||||||
Strict | 367(36.9) | 211(27.0) | 578(32.7) | 85(28.1) | 117(26.8) | 33(22.4) |
Pamper | 43(4.3) | 24(3.1) | 67(3.8) | 11(3.6) | 18(4.1) | 5(3.4) |
Indulge/Rude/Frequently changing | 124(12.5) | 96(12.4) | 220(12.4) | 69(22.8) | 98(22.5) | 43(29.3) |
Open-minded | 449(45.2) | 439(56.5) | 888(50.1) | 135(44.6) | 197(45.2) | 63(42.9) |
Puberty (n, %)* | 648(65.2) | 724(93.2) | 1372(77.5) | 257(84.8) | 359(82.3) | 125(85.0) |
ACEs (n, %) | ||||||
Have no close friends | 35(3.6) | 31(4.1) | 66(3.8) | 25(8.6) | 27(6.4) | 14(9.9) |
Smoking * | 26(2.6) | 6(0.8) | 32(1.8) | 12(4.0) | 18(4.1) | 11(7.5) |
Parents divorced | 73(7.3) | 58(7.5) | 131(7.4) | 31(10.2) | 46(10.6) | 22(15.0) |
Parent-child separation * | 464(46.7) | 316(40.7) | 780(44.0) | 174(57.4) | 234(53.7) | 85(57.8) |
Family income <5000 RMB/month * | 344(34.6) | 321(41.3) | 665(37.5) | 115(38.0) | 167(38.3) | 57(38.8) |
Family history of psychiatric diseases | 13(1.3) | 8(1.0) | 21(1.2) | 8(2.6) | 8(1.8) | 4(2.7) |
Poor living environment | 323(32.5) | 273(35.1) | 596(33.7) | 136(44.9) | 181(41.5) | 74(50.3) |
Emotional abuse | 324(32.6) | 313(40.3) | 637(36.0) | 187(61.7) | 264(60.6) | 108(73.5) |
Physical abuse * | 227(22.8) | 109(14.0) | 336(19.0) | 103(34.0) | 137(31.4) | 52(35.4) |
Sexual abuse * | 93(9.4) | 32(4.1) | 125(7.1) | 37(12.2) | 51(11.7) | 24(16.3) |
Emotional neglect | 558(56.1) | 444(57.1) | 1002(56.6) | 228(75.2) | 326(74.8) | 113(76.9) |
Physical neglect * | 503(50.6) | 332(42.7) | 835(47.1) | 179(59.1) | 247(56.7) | 95(64.6) |
Being bullied | 254(25.6) | 219(28.2) | 473(26.7) | 149(49.2) | 208(47.7) | 82(55.8) |
Total number of ACEs (n, %) | ||||||
0-2 | 391(39.3) | 325(41.8) | 716(40.4) | 50(16.5) | 92(21.1) | 22(15.0) |
3-4 | 354(35.6) | 253(32.6) | 607(34.3) | 112(37.0) | 143(32.8) | 38(25.9) |
≥5 | 249(25.1) | 199(25.6) | 448(25.3) | 141(46.5) | 201(46.1) | 87(59.2) |
Depressive symptoms (n, %)* | 164(16.5) | 193(24.8) | 357(20.2) | 151(49.8) | 212(48.6) | 99(67.3) |
Anxiety symptoms (n, %)* | 278(28.0) | 270(34.7) | 548(30.9) | 202(66.7) | 262(60.1) | 114(77.6) |
Emotional management ability (M, SD)* | 11.76±3.16 | 10.99±3.14 | 11.42±3.18 | 9.22±3.11 | 9.25±2.95 | 8.50±2.99 |
Social support (M, SD) * | 67.93±15.74 | 66.27±16.03 | 67.20±15.88 | 57.84±18.35 | 57.73±17.50 | 53.68±18.15 |
ACEs | NSSI (n, %) | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | ||||
Have no close friend | No(n=1657) | 265(16.0) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=66) | 25(37.9) | 3.20(1.92-5.36) | <0.001 | 1.65(0.86-3.15) | 0.131 | ||
Smoking | No(n=1739) | 291(16.7) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=32) | 12(37.5) | 2.99(1.44-6.18) | 0.002 | 2.41(1.01-5.75) | 0.048 | ||
Parents divorced | No(n=1640) | 272(16.6) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=131) | 31(23.7) | 1.56(1.02-2.38) | 0.038 | 1.04(0.62-1.74) | 0.898 | ||
Parent-child separation | No(n=991) | 129(13.0) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=780) | 174(22.3) | 1.92(1.49-2.46) | <0.001 | 1.80(1.28-2.54) | 0.001 | ||
Family income <5000 RMB/month | No(n=1106) | 188(17.0) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=665) | 115(17.3) | 1.02(0.49-1.32) | 0.873 | 1.07(0.77-1.50) | 0.684 | ||
Family history of psychiatric diseases | No(n=1750) | 295(16.9) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=21) | 8(38.1) | 3.04(1.25-7.39) | 0.010 | 2.39(0.82-6.99) | 0.111 | ||
Poor living environment | No(n=1175) | 167(14.2) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=596) | 136(22.8) | 1.79(1.39-2.30) | <0.001 | 1.28(0.90-1.82) | 0.174 | ||
Emotional abuse | No(n=1134) | 116(10.2) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=637) | 187(29.4) | 3.65(2.82-4.72) | <0.001 | 1.69(1.21-2.37) | 0.002 | ||
Physical abuse | No(n=1435) | 200(13.9) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=336) | 103(30.7) | 2.73(2.07-3.60) | <0.001 | 2.08(1.44-3.01) | <0.001 | ||
Sexual abuse | No(n=1646) | 266(16.2) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=125) | 37(29.6) | 2.18(1.45-3.27) | 0.003 | 1.38(0.81-2.36) | 0.244 | ||
Emotional neglect | No(n=769) | 75(9.8) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=1002) | 228(22.8) | 2.76(2.06-3.61) | <0.001 | 1.32(0.93-1.86) | 0.121 | ||
Physical neglect | No(n=936) | 124(13.2) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=835) | 179(21.4) | 1.79(1.39-2.30) | <0.001 | 1.42(0.98-2.07) | 0.066 | ||
Being bullied | No(n=1298) | 154(11.9) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=473) | 149(31.5) | 3.42(2.64-4.42) | <0.001 | 1.87(1.35-2.59) | <0.001 | ||
Total number of ACEs | 0-2(n=716) | 50(7.0) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
3-4(n=607) | 112(18.5) | 3.01(2.12-4.29) | <0.001 | 2.04(1.39-2.99) | <0.001 | ||
≥5(n=448) | 141(31.5) | 6.12(4.31-8.68) | <0.001 | 2.62(1.72-3.98) | <0.001 |
ACEs | SI (n, %) | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | ||||
Have no close friend | No(n=1657) | 393(23.7) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=66) | 27(40.9) | 2.23(1.35-3.68) | 0.001 | 0.88(0.45-1.74) | 0.719 | ||
Smoking | No(n=1739) | 418(24.0) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=32) | 18(56.3) | 4.06(2.00-8.24) | <0.001 | 4.03(1.66-9.81) | 0.002 | ||
Parents divorced | No(n=1640) | 390(23.8) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=131) | 46(35.1) | 1.74(1.19-2.53) | 0.004 | 1.13(0.69-1.85) | 0.626 | ||
Parent-child separation | No(n=991) | 202(20.4) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=780) | 234(30.0) | 1.67(1.35-2.08) | <0.001 | 1.42(1.07-1.90) | 0.016 | ||
Family income <5000 RMB/month | No(n=1106) | 269(24.3) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=665) | 167(25.1) | 1.04(0.84-1.30) | 0.708 | 1.04(0.81-1.21) | 0.535 | ||
Family history of psychiatric diseases | No(n=1750) | 428(24.5) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=21) | 8(38.1) | 1.90(0.78-4.62) | 0.149 | 1.47(0.48-4.51) | 0.502 | ||
Poor living environment | No(n=1175) | 255(21.7) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=596) | 181(30.4) | 1.57(1.26-1.97) | <0.001 | 0.94(0.67-1.31) | 0.716 | ||
Emotional abuse | No(n=1134) | 172(15.2) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=637) | 264(41.4) | 3.96(3.16-4.96) | <0.001 | 1.91(1.41-2.59) | <0.001 | ||
Physical abuse | No(n=1435) | 299(20.8) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=336) | 137(40.8) | 2.62(2.03-3.37) | <0.001 | 1.80(1.27-2.57) | 0.001 | ||
Sexual abuse | No(n=1646) | 385(23.4) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=125) | 51(40.8) | 2.26(1.55-3.28) | <0.001 | 1.35(0.81-2.23) | 0.249 | ||
Emotional neglect | No(n=769) | 110(14.3) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=1002) | 326(32.5) | 2.89(2.27-3.68) | <0.001 | 1.78(1.28-2.49) | 0.001 | ||
Physical neglect | No(n=936) | 189(20.2) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=835) | 247(29.6) | 1.66(1.34-2.07) | <0.001 | 1.09(0.78-1.52) | 0.622 | ||
Being bullied | No(n=1298) | 228(17.6) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=473) | 208(44.0) | 3.68(2.92-4.64) | <0.001 | 2.08(1.54-2.81) | <0.001 | ||
Total number of ACEs | 0-2(n=716) | 92(12.8) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
3-4(n=607) | 143(23.6) | 2.09(1.57-2.79) | <0.001 | 1.32(0.95-1.83) | 0.093 | ||
≥5(n=448) | 201(44.9) | 5.52(4.14-7.36) | <0.001 | 2.13(1.48-3.07) | <0.001 |
ACEs | SA (n, %) | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | ||||
Have no close friend | No(n=1657) | 128(7.7) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=66) | 14(21.2) | 3.22(1.74-5.96) | <0.001 | 1.15(0.52-2.51) | 0.732 | ||
Smoking | No(n=1739) | 136(7.8) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=32) | 11(34.4) | 6.17(2.92-13.07) | <0.001 | 4.21(1.62-10.98) | 0.003 | ||
Parents divorced | No(n=1640) | 125(7.6) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=131) | 22(16.8) | 2.45(1.49-4.01) | <0.001 | 1.56(0.88-2.77) | 0.126 | ||
Parent-child separation | No(n=991) | 62(6.3) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=780) | 85(10.9) | 1.83(1.30-2.58) | <0.001 | 1.19(0.77-1.85) | 0.520 | ||
Family income <5000 RMB/month | No(n=1106) | 90(8.1) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=665) | 57(8.6) | 1.06(0.75-1.50) | 0.749 | 0.98(0.63-1.54) | 0.929 | ||
Family history of psychiatric diseases | No(n=1750) | 143(8.2) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=21) | 4(19.0) | 2.64(0.88-7.96) | 0.073 | 1.74(0.49-6.17) | 0.394 | ||
Poor living environment | No(n=1175) | 73(6.2) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=596) | 74(12.4) | 2.14(1.52-3.01) | <0.001 | 1.20(0.76-1.89) | 0.437 | ||
Emotional abuse | No(n=1134) | 39(3.4) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=637) | 108(17.0) | 5.73(3.92-8.39) | <0.001 | 2.39(1.56-3.67) | <0.001 | ||
Physical abuse | No(n=1435) | 95(6.6) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=336) | 52(15.5) | 2.58(1.80-3.71) | <0.001 | 1.25(0.76-2.08) | 0.998 | ||
Sexual abuse | No(n=1646) | 123(7.5) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=125) | 24(19.2) | 2.94(1.82-4.76) | 0.002 | 1.44(0.78-2.65) | 0.244 | ||
Emotional neglect | No(n=769) | 34(4.4) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=1002) | 113(11.3) | 2.75(1.85-4.08) | <0.001 | 1.16(0.67-1.99) | 0.594 | ||
Physical neglect | No(n=936) | 52(5.6) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=835) | 95(11.4) | 2.18(1.54-3.10) | <0.001 | 1.10(0.71-1.69) | 0.730 | ||
Being bullied | No(n=1298) | 65(5.0) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
Yes(n=473) | 82(17.3) | 3.98(2.82-5.62) | <0.001 | 1.73(1.16-2.57) | 0.007 | ||
Total number of ACEs | 0-2(n=716) | 22(3.1) | 1.00(reference) | 1.00(reference) | |||
3-4(n=607) | 38(6.3) | 2.11(1.23-3.60) | 0.007 | 1.17(0.66-2.08) | 0.599 | ||
≥5(n=448) | 87(19.4) | 7.60(4.68-12.34) | <0.001 | 2.45(1.38-4.36) | 0.002 |
OR (95%CI) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total effect | Direct effect | Indirect effect, Combined |
Indirect effect, through | ||
Depressive symptoms | Anxiety symptoms | ||||
NSSIa | |||||
Smoking | 2.32(1.01-5.26) | 1.49(0.66-3.35) | 1.55(1.25-1.93) | 1.21(1.03-1.42) | 1.45(1.21-1.75) |
Parent-child separation | 1.77(1.28-2.41) | 1.54(1.13-2.10) | 1.15(1.06-1.23) | 1.07(1.03-1.13) | 1.11(1.04-1.17) |
Emotional abuse | 2.08(1.48-2.89) | 1.27(0.89-1.84) | 1.62(1.38-1.92) | 1.27(1.12-1.46) | 1.43(1.26-1.65) |
Physical abuse | 2.25(1.57-3.25) | 1.57(1.14-2.18) | 1.43(1.27-1.62) | 1.20(1.09-1.31) | 1.31(1.16-1.46) |
Being bullied | 2.34(1.79-3.06) | 1.52(1.19-1.95) | 1.54(1.30-1.82) | 1.23(1.12-1.35) | 1.39(1.23-1.57) |
SIa | |||||
Smoking | 3.82(1.40-10.38) | 2.69(1.04-6.96) | 1.42(1.16-1.75) | 1.26(1.01-1.57) | 1.27(1.11-1.46) |
Parent-child separation | 1.54(1.17-2.01) | 1.38(1.05-1.19) | 1.12(1.05-1.19) | 1.08(1.02-1.15) | 1.06(1.02-2.46) |
Emotional abuse | 1.99(1.54-2.61) | 1.35(1.01-1.82) | 1.48(1.28-1.72) | 1.32(1.20-1.46) | 1.25(1.12-1.38) |
Physical abuse | 1.95(1.46-2.61) | 1.46(1.11-1.92) | 1.34(1.20-1.49) | 1.23(1.09-1.38) | 1.17(1.08-1.27) |
Emotional neglect | 1.79(1.30-2.44) | 1.35(1.01-1.82) | 1.31(1.16-1.48) | 1.23(1.13-1.35) | 1.13(1.06-1.20) |
Being bullied | 2.32(1.84-2.92) | 1.63(1.30-2.08) | 1.42(1.22-1.63) | 1.27(1.17-1.38) | 1.22(1.11-2.23) |
SAa | |||||
Smoking | 6.05(2.32-15.96) | 3.46(1.35-8.94) | 1.75(1.34-2.29) | 1.40(1.07-1.86) | 1.52(1.22-1.90) |
Emotional abuse | 3.63(2.36-5.64) | 1.84(1.22-2.80) | 1.97(1.58-2.46) | 1.57(1.31-1.88) | 1.52(1.27-1.80) |
Being bullied | 2.59(1.63-3.97) | 1.43(0.98-2.12) | 1.80(1.49-2.16) | 1.46(1.26-1.70) | 1.46(1.27-1.67) |
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