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Review
Public Health and Healthcare
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Athanasios Kranas

,

Vassilios Verykios

Abstract: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized in International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), affects millions—especially adolescents and young adults—and poses chal-lenges that invite scalable innovations in care. This narrative review examined how Large Language Models (LLMs) could support IGD prevention, assessment, treatment, and research. We conducted targeted searches of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and IEEE Xplore for 2010–October 2025, supplemented by backward/forward citation chasing; English, peer-reviewed clinical, methodological, and review work was priori-tized; as a narrative review, we did not apply PRISMA or perform quantitative syn-thesis; in total, we synthesized over 50 sources. We synthesize peer‑reviewed, IGD‑specific AI/ML studies with explicit reporting of training approach, valida-tion/performance, dataset size, and model openness. Preliminary improvements ob-served in adjacent digital‑health trials highlight promise yet underscore the need for rigorous, IGD‑specific validation; to date, IGD‑specific randomized trials remain scarce. Evidence spans transformer‑embedding text screening with supervised regres-sion (r ≈ 0.48), multimodal EEG + neuropsychology classification (≈71% vs. comparison groups), fNIRS deep learning (≈88% vs. healthy), and fMRI‑based connec-tomics/MVPA, with sample sizes n = 40–417 and most implementations being re-search‑only (no public code/data). Principal concerns include privacy and data gov-ernance, algorithmic bias, inconsistent crisis-escalation performance, and a nascent clinical evidence base. We conclude that LLMs may augment—but should not re-place—human clinicians; near-term promise lies in hybrid human-AI pathways, mul-timodal integrations with wearables and gaming APIs, and rigorous prospective trials to establish safety, effectiveness, and equity in IGD care.
Review
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Aloysious Ssemaganda

,

Alisen Ayitewala

,

Stephen Kanyerezi

,

Hellen Rosette Oundo

,

Julius Seruyange

,

Wilson Tenywa

,

Godwin Tusabe

,

Stacy Were

,

Moses Murungi

,

Ivan Sserwadda

+22 authors

Abstract: Genomic technologies are transforming infectious disease surveillance and control, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Uganda. This review examines ongoing efforts by the Department of National Health Laboratory and Diagnostic Services - Central Public Health Laboratories (NHLDS-CPHL) to integrate genomics into public health strategies. We highlight key advancements, lessons learned, and opportunities, including expanded genomic testing capacity, localized bioinformatics infrastructure, and reinforcement of surveillance systems. Through use-case studies on COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, malaria, Ebola, Mpox, rotavirus, and cholera, we demonstrate the impact of genomics on improving diagnostic accuracy, disease monitoring and outbreak response, identifying drug resistance, and informing targeted public health interventions. Despite these successes, challenges, including but not limited to infrastructure gaps, funding constraints, and ethical considerations, remain, underscoring the need for policy, regulation, and capacity enhancement as well as global collaboration to effectively address these obstacles. Lessons learned from these efforts provide valuable recommendations for optimizing and sustaining genomic programs in low-resource settings. By leveraging genomics, Uganda can further strengthen its ability to detect, monitor, and respond to emerging and re-emerging health threats, ultimately enhancing disease control measures and public health resilience.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

José Antonio Valeriano-Zapana

,

Mario Román Flores-Roque

,

Leonel Alonso Paccosonco-Sucapuca

,

Yudith Milagros Cari-Cari

,

Daniel Álvarez-Tolentino

,

Alex Huaman De La Cruz

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic created a natural experiment to assess air quality responses to emission reductions, yet evidence from Latin American coastal industrial cities remains scarce. This study examined how meteorological variability modulated the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on air quality in Ilo, a medium-sized coastal industrial city in southern Peru (~67,000 inhabitants). We analyzed daily concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, and SO2 across six pandemic phases (January–December 2020) using multiple linear regression, variance decomposition, and Random Forest models. A health impact assessment translated PM2.5 changes into cardiovascular mortality estimates using Global Burden of Disease 2021 coefficients. Despite reduced anthropogenic activity, PM2.5 increased by 34% during early reopening (May–June: 16.9 vs. 12.6 µg/m³ baseline), whereas NO2 decreased consistently (13–19%), SO2 declined up to 65%, and O3 more than doubled (+108%) in austral winter. Variance decomposition revealed that O₃ variability was almost entirely meteorology-driven (98%), while PM2.5 and NO2 showed balanced contributions from meteorology and restrictions (~50% each). The PM2.5 increase corresponded to approximately 3 additional cardiovascular deaths per 100,000 population annually. Coastal meteorology can counteract emission reductions, generating counterintuitive air quality responses and underscoring the need for meteorological normalization in policy evaluation.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Michel Ngoyi Ntambwe

,

Beni Lifayifi Bisuta

,

Flory Matabaro Balazire

,

Jocelyn Kakumba Mankulu

,

Roland Marini Djang’eing’a

,

Jérémie Kindenge Mbinze

Abstract: Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) through its current Global Benchmarking Tools (cGBT) used in the self-assessment of regulatory authorities, found that regulatory functions in general and laboratory testing in particular in countries with low regulation are not compliant with ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and WHO Trs No. 957, 2010. It was noted that, to date, in sub-Saharan Africa, fewer than 10 countries have authorities that have reached at least Maturity Level 3. Objective: This study aimed to verify pharmacopeial methods in the detection of falsified medicines in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) requirements at in the D.R. Congo through a laboratory compliant with the ISO standard, estimated at maturity level 3. Methodology: Five concentration levels were prepared: 110%, 100%, 90%, and 80%, from the stock solution corresponding to 120% for the APIs (6 antimalarials and 1 antibiotic) allowed to identify non-compliant samples during the period from 2021 to 2024. Results: The methods, verified in compliance with ICH and WHO normative requirements, were deemed compliant and applicable under the applied conditions. And the non-compliant products were detected: 7/41 (17.1%) for Artemether & Lumefantrine, 3/11 (27.3%) for Sulfadoxine & Pyrimethamine, 1/46 (2.2%) for injectable Artesunate and 5/41 (12.2%) for Artemether & Lumefantrine (without any active ingredient). Conclusion: This research aimed to verify the relevance of pharmacopeial methods currently used in DR Congo for quality control to the ICH and WHO requirements with perspective of tackling medicines falsification. The obtained results showed the compliance of studied methods and allowed to identify substandard products for Artemether-Lumefantrine and Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine combinations. Also, they allowed the detection of lower concentration of Artesunate within injectable formulations. Which confirmed the real existence of the announced issue related to the falsified drugs circulation in developing countries.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Raya Adiba

Abstract: Food adulteration has become one of Bangladesh’s most urgent public health and governance challenges, affecting everything from everyday groceries to street foods. This review draws on secondary research to examine why the problem persists, revealing a system driven by profit incentives, weak oversight, and poor consumer awareness. Adulteration thrives at wholesale and processing stages, where harmful chemicals, dyes, and fillers are routinely introduced into essential foods, leading to rising rates of poisoning, chronic illness, and long-term organ damage. The crisis also undermines economic stability, erodes public trust, and disproportionately harms low-income communities. Although Bangladesh has established regulatory structures like the BFSA, persistent gaps in funding, laboratory capacity, coordination, and enforcement limit their effectiveness. The study proposes a path forward anchored in stronger institutions, specialized courts, modern testing and traceability technologies, farm-to-fork certification, and greater public transparency. Meaningful reform requires collective responsibility across government, industry, and society.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Jingwen Cai

,

Caroline Dudish

,

Amani Mouna

,

Angelena Jacob

,

Wesley James

,

Douglas Dickinson

,

Hongfang Yu

,

Yutao Liu

,

Ashish K Sarker

,

Mustafa Culha

+3 authors

Abstract: Nutraceuticals such as curcumin, resveratrol, lycopene, lutein, and coenzyme Q10 pos-sess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities but their practical use is hin-dered by poor solubility and bioavailability. Traditional nanocarriers like liposomes, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles often rely on surfactants and synthetic or-ganic solvents that limit safety, scalability, and regulatory acceptance. The present study evaluated the Facilitated Self-Assembling Technology (FAST) platform as a clean-label al-ternative for generating bioavailable nutraceutical nanoparticles. Using only food-grade facilitating medium, FAST enabled spontaneous formation of stable, amorphous nano-particles with strong negative surface charge and high colloidal stability. Hybrid nano-particles combining epigallocatechin-3-gallate-palmitates (EC16), curcumin, and resvera-trol further improved surface charge, reduced size range, and exhibited enhanced stability under simulated gastric conditions. All formulations demonstrated excellent biocompati-bility in XTT assays, with no reduction in viability compared to control. Fluorescent im-aging of EC16/Cy5 fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles confirmed nanoparticle–cell surface interactions without cytotoxicity. Compared with chemical conjugation and lipid-based nanoencapsulation, FAST offered faster, surfactant-free, and energy-efficient production, fully compliant with FDA generally recognized as safe (GRAS) standards. These results support the FAST platform as an efficient, economical, and scalable nanotechnology for next-generation functional beverages and oral nutraceutical delivery systems that meet both regulatory and consumer demands for natural, sustainable innovation.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Robert MacTavish

,

Andreea Slatculescu

,

Dylan Ermacora

,

Katarina Vukovojac

,

Tanner Noth

,

Natalie Ward

,

Kathleen Laskoski

,

Daniela Fleming

,

Baanu Manoharan

,

Julie Laroche

+1 authors

Abstract:

Background/Objectives: It is critical to monitor real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in older adults as they have been identified as a priority group for vaccination. This is the first study that aims to estimate national absolute vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against severe COVID-19 outcomes among Canadian older adults aged ≥ 50 years. Methods: The screening method (SM) was implemented using standard and spline-based logistic regression models to estimate aVE and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by outcome, age group, vaccination status, time since last dose, vaccine schedules, and variant of concern (VOC) period. Results: From August 1, 2021 to November 30, 2023, there were 103,822 severe COVID-19 cases, of which 72.9% were hospitalized, 8.2% were admitted to ICU, and 18.9% had died. A total of 23.1% of these cases were unvaccinated against COVID-19, 21.9% completed a primary series only, and 55.0% received at least one additional/booster dose. National aVE against severe COVID-19 outcomes remained moderate to high during Delta and original Omicron VOC predominance periods. Monthly age-specific aVE of at least two additional/booster doses remained stable during recombinant XBB.1.5/EG.5 VOC predominance, ranging from 61.0% (95% CI: 51.9–68.4%) to 69.8% (95% CI: 67.5–72.0%) against hospitalization, and 71.0% (95% CI: 62.8–77.4%) to 77.2% (95% CI: 74.2–79.9%) against ICU admission/death. Adjusted aVE was higher for last booster doses received within the past six months and with heterologous mRNA vaccine schedules. Conclusions: The SM is a useful method to estimate aVE in near real-time, enabling the assessment of temporal changes in aVE, guiding vaccine policy, and building vaccine confidence among populations at higher risk of severe outcomes.

Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Gong Chen

,

Weiping Wei

,

Xiaoyan Huang

Abstract: As a malignant tumor with high heterogeneity, gastric cancer (GC) still suffers a poor prognosis despite therapeutic advances. For further investigation of its heterogeneity, the single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing of human GC samples has been analyzed, which stratifies malignant epithelial cells into seven tumor subtypes. Among these seven subtypes, the C3 tumor subtype characterized by OLFM4 expression shows distinct biological features with enhanced palmitoylation and energetic metabolism, which presents the significant activation of related specific modules, including a palmitoyltransferase of protein palmitoylation, ZDHHC2, and an important transporter of glycolysis named GLUT1. Besides, the functional assays also confirm that the upregulation of expressed OLFM4 could enhance the ATP production in GC cell lines, which indicates elevated energetic metabolism. Moreover, three prognosis-associated genes (MUC16, RALA, PCBD1) are used to establish a prognostic risk model, which could effectively predict the survival of STAD patients and is correlated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) including not only immune checkpoint expression and infiltration of immune cells. These findings not only highlight OLFM4 as a defining biomarker of a metabolically active gastric cancer subtype but also indicate the possibility that targeting palmitoylation and energy metabolism may offer new therapeutic strategies for patients with OLFM4-high gastric tumors.
Brief Report
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Tatyana Breizman

,

Shahar Kol

Abstract: Background: Following GnRH agonist trigger and "freeze all" in order to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), patients are usually anxious to continue immediately with a frozen embryo transfer (FET). Currently, the preferred FET protocol in based on natural or induced ovulation. Objectives: Do ovarian stimulation and GnRH-a, used to trigger final oocyte maturation, affect the reproductive axis in the next natural cycle? Design: An observational case series of 100 subsequent IVF patients to whom GnRH-a (Triptorelin 0.2 mg) was given for final oocyte maturation in the context of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome prevention, followed by embryos "freeze all". Methods: In the next natural cycle, patients were followed to detect a dominant follicle (≥17 mm), at which time ovulation was triggered with hCG (250 µg), and FET was scheduled according to embryo's age on freezing day. Results: Whereas natural ovulation according to pre-IVF treatment was predicted to be on cycle day 14, the actual ovulation in our patients was on day 21. In eight patients follicular activity was not detected after 15-28 days, therefore the natural cycle frozen embryo transfer approach was abandoned. Conclusions: Ovarian stimulation and GnRH-a used to trigger final oocyte maturation in IVF patients inhibits the reproductive axis for days. Therefore, natural ovulation in the subsequent cycle may be deferred for about one week relative to the patient's pre-IVF menstrual cycle pattern.
Review
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Devyani Chaturvedi

,

Shikha Snigdha

,

Michael A. Grandner

,

Nicole Avena

,

Punam Patel

Abstract: The first 1,000 days of life, from conception through the second year, represents a uniquely sensitive period for neurodevelopment. During this time multiple physiological systems undergo rapid and coordinated maturation. Among these, the brain, gut, and sleep system form a tightly interconnected triad, exerting reciprocal influences on each other and playing a pivotal role in shaping lifelong cognitive, emotional, and behavioral trajectories. Disruptions in any one of these domains can reverberate across the others, amplifying developmental vulnerabilities. A key modifiable factor that can modulate this gut-brain-sleep triad is nutrition. In this review, we synthesize current evidence on the interconnected development of the brain, gut, and sleep systems, and examine the role of key nutrients in shaping these pathways. We also identify critical gaps in literature and highlight opportunities for future research to better understand how early-life nutritional interventions can optimize neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Aіn Raal

,

Aleksandra Doll

,

Yurii Hrytsyk

,

Martin Lepiku

,

Oleh Koshovyi

Abstract: Both invasive Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) and Common goldenrod (S. virgaurea L., Asteraceae) are recognised in traditional medicine as folk remedies for the treatment of kidney, urinary tract, and liver diseases, among others; however, their pharmaceutical potential remains largely unexplored. The aim of the study was to compare the yield and composition of essential oils (EO) of flowering tops (20 cm long) of S. canadensis and S. virgaurea. The yield of EOs, hydrodistilled from S. canadensis (n=8) and S. virgaurea (n=5) herbs using the European Pharmacopoeia method, ranged from 2.7 to 14.9 mL/kg. The average EO yield in both goldenrod species was similar, but the composition differed. 82 constituents were identified and semiquantified by GC-MS in the EOs of both Solidago species, eight of which have been found in these species for the first time. α-Pinene, (Z)-β-ocimene, D-limonene, and (E)-β-ocimene were the principal compounds in S. canadensis herb EO; and α-pinene, l-β-pinene, β-myrcene, and humulene in S. virgaurea EO. It contained, on average, 39 times more benzyl salicylate than the EO from S. canadensis. Also, the amounts of viridiflorol (more in S. virgaurea), or L-β-bourbonene and (E)-β-ocimene (more in S. canadensis) can be used as a chemical fingerprint of both goldenrod species studied. The qualitative composition of the EO of both goldenrods was very similar, only the content of α-muurolene may be a chemical marker for distinguishing them. The pharmaceutical perspective of V. canadensis as an invasive species is not yet sufficiently clear. Chemical composition of different species of goldenrod and their relationship to biological activity, as well as the potential for internal and external use, remains a topic of ongoing interest.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Beata Ruzbarska

,

Lenka Hnidkova

,

Mojmir Trebunak

,

Erika Chovanova

,

Dalibor Dzugas

,

Peter Kacur

Abstract: Background: Cognitive health in adolescence is shaped by daily movement patterns, yet few studies jointly examine physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep using both device-based and self-report measures, particularly in Central Europe. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 82 Slovak adolescents (16.67 ± 1.07 years; 61% girls) wore accel-erometers for seven days to assess physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep, and completed the PAQ-A questionnaire. Cognitive abilities (IQ, sustained attention, and visual memory) were assessed with standardized tests. Results: Overall adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines was low: 11% met MVPA recommendations, about half achieved age-appropriate sleep duration, and only 23.2% met the sedentary guideline, while most accumulated more than 10 h/day of sedentary time. Girls accumulated more time in both sedentary and active behaviours than boys. PAQ-A scores overestimated accelerometer-derived MVPA (mean bias of 1.68 units), with greater bias in girls and older adolescents. Later sleep timing and longer deep sleep were positively associated with IQ and sustained attention, whereas greater total sleep duration and more time in the least active 5 h of the day were negatively related to memory; MVPA accumulated in 5–10-min bouts was inversely associated with IQ (ρ = –0.24). Sleep–MVPA profiles dif-fered significantly in memory performance (η² ≈ 0.13), while IQ and attention did not differ between profiles. Conclusions: Daily 24-hour movement patterns showed modest associations with cognitive abilities in adolescents. Combining accelerometry with self-report revealed MVPA overestimation in PAQ-A and may inform refinement of ad-olescent activity surveillance tools and movement-based strategies to support cognitive resilience.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Eduardo Guerreiro

,

Guilherme Souza

,

José João Mendes

,

Ana Cristina Manso

,

João Botelho

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have emerged as promising tools to promote preventive oral care and patient self-management. CarieCheck is a Portuguese mobile application designed to in-crease oral health literacy, enable caries risk self-assessment, and encourage behavioral change. However, few oral-health apps have been scientifically validated using standardized instruments. This prospective, observational pilot study evaluated the CarieCheck app using the uMARS-PT version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Methods: Thirty participants from the academic community of Egas Moniz School of Health and Science (students, staff, and clinicians) tested the app for 30 days and subsequently completed the MARS questionnaire via Qualtrics XM. Descriptive statistics were performed to determine mean scores for each domain: Engagement, Functionality, Aesthetics, Information Quality, Subjective Quality, and Perceived Impact. Results: The overall MARS mean score was 4.22, corresponding to excellent perceived quality. The highest ratings were observed for Functionality (4.51), Aesthetics (4.45), and Information Quality (4.22), indicating a clear, intuitive, and visually appealing interface supported by scientifically grounded content. Engagement (3.71) and Subjective Quality (3.05) showed moderate results, typical of early stage mHealth apps still in optimization. The Perceived Impact (3.85) domain revealed that CarieCheck increased users’ awareness, knowledge, and motivation to improve oral-health behaviors. Conclusions: The CarieCheck app demonstrated high usability, visual appeal, and content quality, confirming the study hypothesis. These findings support its potential as a digital health tool for caries-risk monitoring and preventive education. Larger and longer-term studies are warranted to validate its behavioral impact and integration into clinical and community settings.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Ámbar Belmar-Moreno

,

Felipe Egaña-García

,

Amparo Castillo Borredá

,

Erika Caballero-Muñoz

,

Vicente Gatica-Elgart

,

Fernando A. Crespo

,

Paula Salinas-Lainez

,

Norma Muñoz-Ojeda

,

Danton Freire-Flores

,

Claudia Carvallo-Varas

+1 authors

Abstract: Background: Building on the validation of the Your Memory test for mild cognitive impairment in English speakers, this study adapted and validated the Memory Test for Mild Cognitive Impairment (TYM-MCI) for Spanish-speaking older adults, highlighting its potential for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: A total of 151 independently functioning adults aged 60 or older (Barthel Index 9-10) completed the TYM-MCI, the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R-Ch), the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the original TYM. Analyses included ROC curves, correlation matrices, and principal component analysis (PCA). Results: The TYM-MCI exhibited strong psychometric properties (Cronbach's α = 0.832; sensitivity = 81.7%; specificity = 47.8%). The optimal cut-off score was ≥ 24.5/30. Scores between 19 and 24.5 suggested probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Conclusions: The episodic memory components of this test are key cognitive features that help differentiate the progression of potential cognitive decline related to dementia and are straightforward to administer. Notably, it specifically assesses visual and verbal episodic memory. It can be used alongside other assessments, such as the ACE-R or MMSE, to evaluate cognitive function in older adults. Clinically, it offers a foundation for early assessment and intervention in cases of cognitive decline, aiding in the prevention or delay of MCI or dementia diagnoses.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Esther Basés Pérez

,

Emilio Baixauli

,

Justyna M. Meissner

Abstract: This translational study compared the efficacy and onset of action of avvera™ oral collagen peptides versus an active control in improving key skin parameters. For in vitro experiments, normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) were exposed to avvera™ or the active control and secreted pro-collagen I was quantified by ELISA. For in vivo assays, a clinical study conducted on 67 healthy women assessed hydration (Corneometer), barrier function/TEWL (Tewameter), and crow’s-feet wrinkle area and length (standardized 3D imaging) at baseline, day 28, and day 56. In vitro, NHDF exposed for 72 h to the corresponding peptide preparations showed similar increased pro-collagen I secretion, but a larger increase was elicited by avvera™, indicating a stronger pro-collagen-stimulating effect. The in vivo assays showed that both products improved hydration (≈ +29-43%) and reduced TEWL by day 56 (≈ −8-9%). In addition, both products reduced wrinkle area and length, but avvera™ produced significantly greater reductions at day 28 than the active control, conferring an early advantage. These findings link fibroblast activity with short-term clinical improvements, support the biological benefits of oral collagen peptides, and show that avvera™ has a dual action (enhancing skin hydration and barrier function) for greater early and faster visible skin benefits.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Fatih Bal

,

Hale A. Kahyaoğlu Çakmakci

,

İpek Okkay

,

Gülşen Filazoğlu Çokluk

,

Melek Süler

Abstract: This study aims to explore how psychological well-being may moderate the relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms in professionals working in the field of mental health. Although burnout and depressive symptoms are frequently studied in occupational settings, the protective role of psychological well-being has been rarely addressed, especially in professions requiring emotional labor. The sample consists of 607 mental health professionals (psychologists, guidance counselors, social workers, psychiatrists) working in public and private institutions across Turkey. Data were collected online using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory–II. All variables were standardized (Z scores) prior to analysis. An interaction term (Burnout × Psychological Well-Being) was created, and the model was tested via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS 29. Burnout significantly predicted depressive symptoms (β = .37, p < .001). The direct effect of psychological well-being was also significant (β = .26, p < .001). However, although this coefficient appears positive, it is important to note that all variables were standardized (Z-scores), and depressive symptoms were not reverse-coded. Therefore, higher psychological well-being is associated with lower depressive symptoms. The apparent positive β value indicates that as psychological well-being increases, standardized depressive symptom scores decrease. This interpretation is consistent with the theoretical buffering effect. Most importantly, the interaction term was significant (β = .20, p < .001), indicating that psychological well-being moderates (weakens) the relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms. The model accounts for 27% of the variance in depressive symptoms (R² = .27). These findings suggest that psychological well-being is a protective factor that can mitigate the adverse effects of burnout on depressive symptoms. Therefore, interventions that support psychological well-being in mental health professionals may play a key role in reducing the negative consequences of burnout in high-stress work settings.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Tania Ayllon

,

Irene Martínez

,

Gustavo Ortiz-Díez

,

Alejandro Navarro

,

Fernando Fuster

,

Andrés Iriso

,

Silvia Villaverde

,

José Lara

,

Nerea García

Abstract: Wild birds are relevant reservoirs and sentinels for zoonotic pathogens such as Chlamydia psittaci and West Nile virus (WNV), both of which can affect animal and public health. Wildlife rehabilitation centers (WRCs) offer unique opportunities for passive surveillance of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, particularly in urban and peri-urban settings. From 2013 to 2022, a total of 1,024 bird samples were collected upon admission to WRCs in the Community of Madrid, Spain. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, as well as tissue samples, were tested using real-time PCR targeting the ompA gene of C. psittaci and the 3´NC region of WNV. Only one sample tested positive for C. psittaci by real time PCR in 2021, yielding a positivity rate of 0.22% (95% CI: 0.005–1.195). No positive cases were detected during the remaining years of the study. All samples tested negative for WNV over the nine-year period. Conclusions: The low detection rate suggests limited circulation of these pathogens among wild birds in central Spain. However, continued surveillance is warranted, especially in high-risk avian species and personnel occupa-tionally exposed in avian rehabilitation facilities using expanded sample sizes and complementary diagnostic tools. These efforts are essential to improve early detection and risk assessment within a One Health framework.
Technical Note
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Md Shahadat Kabir

,

Usman Gani Joy

,

Tanvir Azhar

Abstract: This paper presents a semi-supervised adaptive ensemble model designed to improve predictive performance in scenarios with limited labeled data. By integrating RandomForest, XGBoost, and an Attention-based Multi-Layer Perceptron (AttentionMLP), the model leverages both labeled and unlabeled data, using only 50% of the available labeled data alongside unlabeled data through an iterative pseudo-labeling process and an adaptive weighting scheme. The AttentionMLP incorporates a sample-wise attention mechanism to prioritize informative samples, enhancing robustness. The model's performance is evaluated on three diabetes classification datasets: BRFSS2015, Pima Indian, and Diabetes Diagnosis. Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves superior Area Under the Curve (AUC), F1 Score, and Accuracy on the Pima Indian and Diabetes Diagnosis datasets, with AUC improvements of up to 12.4% over baseline models such as LSTM, GRU, and BiLSTM. On the BRFSS2015 dataset, the model performs competitively, highlighting its effectiveness across diverse data distributions. The findings suggest that the ensemble's combination of traditional and deep learning methods, augmented by attention and pseudo-labeling with limited labeled data, offers a powerful approach for classification tasks in data-scarce environments.
Communication
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Yoel Lubell

,

Katrina Messiha

,

Elke Wynberg

,

Calvin C. Bakker

,

Sheila Varadan

Abstract: This article introduces the TrialUs Foundation, an innovative research ecosystem dedicated to generating rigorous evidence on everyday health and wellbeing practices. The platform enables individuals and communities to co-create large-scale randomised trials conducted outside traditional clinical settings. TrialUs™ operationalises co-creation as a structured scientific approach, supported by adaptive trial designs, evidence-based frameworks, and integrated digital technologies.
Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Other

Rebecca Y Xu

,

Diana Kato

,

Victoria Percival

,

James Schoales

,

Stephen Sundquist

,

Raisa Chowdhury

,

Gregory R Pond

,

Janet E Dancey

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Academic sponsored cancer clinical trials (ACCTs) are essential for advancing patient-centered care, particularly in areas underserved by commercial re-search. In Canada, the Canadian Cancer Clinical Trials Network (3CTN) was established to support high-quality multi-centre ACCTs. This study evaluates the outcomes and im-pact of trials supported by 3CTN between 2015 and 2024. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of 350 ACCTs that were closed to recruitment and had primary completion dates within the study period. Trial characteristics, results, publication rates, and in-corporation into clinical guidelines were assessed using registry data, peer-reviewed publications, and structured searches of oncology guidelines. Results: Among the 350 complete trials, 116 were Phase III studies. Of these, 36% were incorporated into clinical practice guidelines and 7% were likely to be incorporated. Overall, 81% of trials were published in journals, and 45% posted results in public registries. Trials addressed diverse cancer types, with notable contributions in rare cancers and vulnerable populations. Conclusions: 3CTN supported ACCTs had high completion and reporting rates, with substantial influence on clinical practice. These findings highlight the importance of sustained infrastructure and funding ACCTs and their role in improving cancer care. The impact achieved with relatively modest investment from public funders underscores the value of sustained investment in investigator-led research and coordinated network support.

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