Arboviruses in the COVID-19 Era in the State of Maranhão, Brazil (2019–2021)

How to cite: Dos Santos, E.M.; Araújo, J.M.G.D.; Jeronimo, S.; Valverde, J.G.; Sanchez, J.D.; Da Silva, M.A.C.N.; Dos Santos, G.R.B.; Da Silva, M.C.P.; Borges, K.R.A.; Vidal, F.C.B.; Maniçoba, A.C.B.N.; Souza de Andrade, M.; Barbosa, M.D.C.L.; Lima, J.A.; Nascimento, M.D.D.S.B. Arboviruses in the COVID-19 Era in the State of Maranhão, Brazil (2019–2021). Preprints 2023, 2023080588. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0588.v1 Dos Santos, E.M.; Araújo, J.M.G.D.; Jeronimo, S.; Valverde, J.G.; Sanchez, J.D.; Da Silva, M.A.C.N.; Dos Santos, G.R.B.; Da Silva, M.C.P.; Borges, K.R.A.; Vidal, F.C.B.; Maniçoba, A.C.B.N.; Souza de Andrade, M.; Barbosa, M.D.C.L.; Lima, J.A.; Nascimento, M.D.D.S.B. Arboviruses in the COVID-19 Era in the State of Maranhão, Brazil (2019–2021). Preprints 2023, 2023080588. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0588.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dos Santos, E.M.; Araújo, J.M.G.D.; Jeronimo, S.; Valverde, J.G.; Sanchez, J.D.; Da Silva, M.A.C.N.; Dos Santos, G.R.B.; Da Silva, M.C.P.; Borges, K.R.A.; Vidal, F.C.B.; Maniçoba, A.C.B.N.; Souza de Andrade, M.; Barbosa, M.D.C.L.; Lima, J.A.; Nascimento, M.D.D.S.B. Arboviruses in the COVID-19 Era in the State of Maranhão, Brazil (2019–2021). Preprints 2023, 2023080588. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0588.v1

APA Style

Dos Santos, E.M., Araújo, J.M.G.D., Jeronimo, S., Valverde, J.G., Sanchez, J.D., Da Silva, M.A.C.N., Dos Santos, G.R.B., Da Silva, M.C.P., Borges, K.R.A., Vidal, F.C.B., Maniçoba, A.C.B.N., Souza de Andrade, M., Barbosa, M.D.C.L., Lima, J.A., & Nascimento, M.D.D.S.B. (2023). Arboviruses in the COVID-19 Era in the State of Maranhão, Brazil (2019–2021). Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0588.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dos Santos, E.M., Josélia Alencar Lima and Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento. 2023 "Arboviruses in the COVID-19 Era in the State of Maranhão, Brazil (2019–2021)" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0588.v1

Abstract

Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses are endemic to Brazil, with a high annual incidence rate. It is a serious public health issue and is responsible for outbreaks and epidemics worldwide. As COVID-19 emerged as a pandemic, the diagnosis of arboviruses was underestimated. Hence, this study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical aspects of arboviruses in the con-text of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by applying questionnaires to 179 patients treated at health units in São José de Ribamar, Paço do Lumiar, Raposa, Santa Inês, and Vargem Grande municipalities. Serologi-cal and polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed do detect Chikungunya, Zika, Den-gue, and COVID-19 infections. The Maranhão state registered 706 probable cases of Chikungunya from 2019 to 2020. In 2020, the cases were reduced by 74.8% compared to those reported in 2019. The test results were analyzed separately. Here, 46.3% of the Chikungunya virus test results were negative, and 36.8% were positive. For the Zika virus tests, most (79.9%) were positive, as well as the DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4 tests (88.3%, 88.3%, 89.4%, and 65.9%, respectively). For the COVID-19 tests, of the 146 individuals tested, 52.7% were reactive when considering the anti-S test, and 17.8% were positive when considering the anti-N test. Fever and myalgia were the symptoms most frequently reported by patients. Our results emphasize the importance of contin-uous epidemiological surveillance of arboviruses in northeastern Brazil, and simultaneous test-ing for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses among suspected patients.

Keywords

Arboviruses; Chikungunya; Epidemiology; Covid-19

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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