Efficient and Stable Air-Processed Ternary Organic Solar Cells Incorporating Gallium-Porphyrin as Electron Cascade Material

Anastasia Soultati; Maria Verouti; Ermioni Polydorou; Konstantina Kalliopi Armadorou; Zoi Georgiopoulou; Leonidas C Palilis; Ioannis Karatasios; VASSILIS KILIKOGLOU; Alexander Chroneos; Athanassios G. Coutsolelos; Panagiotis Argitis; Maria Vasilopoulou

doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0496.v1

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preprints.org > engineering > energy and fuel technology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202308.0496.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Efficient and Stable Air-Processed Ternary Organic Solar Cells Incorporating Gallium-Porphyrin as Electron Cascade Material

Anastasia Soultati

Maria Verouti

Ermioni Polydorou

Konstantina Kalliopi Armadorou

Athanassios G. Coutsolelos

^* ,

Panagiotis Argitis

^* ,

Maria Vasilopoulou

Version 1 : Received: 4 August 2023 / Approved: 7 August 2023 / Online: 8 August 2023 (05:29:44 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Soultati, A.; Verouti, M.; Polydorou, E.; Armadorou, K.-K.; Georgiopoulou, Z.; Palilis, L.C.; Karatasios, I.; Kilikoglou, V.; Chroneos, A.; Coutsolelos, A.G.; Argitis, P.; Vasilopoulou, M. Efficient and Stable Air-Processed Ternary Organic Solar Cells Incorporating Gallium-Porphyrin as an Electron Cascade Material. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 2800. Soultati, A.; Verouti, M.; Polydorou, E.; Armadorou, K.-K.; Georgiopoulou, Z.; Palilis, L.C.; Karatasios, I.; Kilikoglou, V.; Chroneos, A.; Coutsolelos, A.G.; Argitis, P.; Vasilopoulou, M. Efficient and Stable Air-Processed Ternary Organic Solar Cells Incorporating Gallium-Porphyrin as an Electron Cascade Material. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 2800.

Abstract

Two gallium porphyrins, a tetraphenyl GaCl porphyrin, termed as (TPP)GaCl, and an octaethylporphyrin GaCl porphyrin, termed as (OEP)GaCl were synthesized to use as electron cascade in ternary organic bulk heterojunction films. A perfect matching of both gallium porphyrins energy levels with that of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) or poly[N-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) polymer donor and the 6,6-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) fullerene acceptor forming an efficient cascade system that could facilitate electron transfer between donor and acceptor was demonstrated. Therefore, ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) using the two porphyrins in various concentration were fabricated, where a performance enhancement was obtained. In particular, (TPP)GaCl-based ternary OSCs of low concentration (1:0.05 vv%) exhibited a ~17 % increase of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with the binary device due to improved exciton dissociation, electron transport and reduced recombination. On the other hand, ternary OSCs with the (TPP)GaCl of high concentration (1:0.1 vv%) and (OEP)GaCl (1:0.05 and 1:0.1 vv%) showed poorest efficiencies due to very rough nanomorphology and suppressed crystallinity of ternary films when the GaCl porphyrin introduced in the blend, as revealed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The best performed devices exhibited also improved photostability, when exposed to sunlight illumination for a period of 8 h than the binary OSCs, attributed to the suppressed photodegradation of the ternary (TPP)GaCl 1:0.05-based photoactive film.

Keywords

gallium porphyrin; electron cascade; ternary organic solar cell; exciton dissociation efficiency; photostability

Subject

Engineering, Energy and Fuel Technology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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