Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Relationship between CT Derived Bone Mineral Density and UTE-MR Derived Porosity Index in Equine Third Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bones

Carola Daniel
* ,
Sarah Elizabeth Taylor
* ORCID logo ,
Sam McPhee
,
Uwe Wolfram
,
Tobias Schwarz
ORCID logo ,
Stefan Sommer
ORCID logo ,
Lucy Kershaw
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 2 August 2023 / Approved: 3 August 2023 / Online: 7 August 2023 (11:43:04 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Daniel, C.R.; Taylor, S.E.; McPhee, S.; Wolfram, U.; Schwarz, T.; Sommer, S.; Kershaw, L.E. Relationship between CT-Derived Bone Mineral Density and UTE-MR-Derived Porosity Index in Equine Third Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bones. Animals 2023, 13, 2780. Daniel, C.R.; Taylor, S.E.; McPhee, S.; Wolfram, U.; Schwarz, T.; Sommer, S.; Kershaw, L.E. Relationship between CT-Derived Bone Mineral Density and UTE-MR-Derived Porosity Index in Equine Third Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bones. Animals 2023, 13, 2780.

Abstract

Fatigue-related subchondral bone injury of the third metacarpal/ metatarsal (McIII/ MtIII) bone is a common cause of wastage and welfare concern in racehorses. Better understanding of bone health and strength would improve animal welfare and be of benefit for the racing industry. Porosity index (PI) of bone is an indirect measure of osseous pore size and number and is therefore an interesting indicator of bone strength. MRI of compact bone using traditional methods even with short echo times fails to generate enough signal to assess bone architecture as the water protons are tightly bound. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences aim to increase the amount of signal detected in the equine McIII/MtIII condyle. Cadaver specimens were imaged using a novel dual-echo UTE MRI technique and PI was calculated and validated against quantitative CT-derived bone mineral density (BMD). BMD and PI are inversely correlated in the equine distal Mc/ MtIII with a mean r value of -0.29. The r value is significantly different between fore- and hindlimbs. Further work is needed to assess how correlation patterns behave in different areas of the bone and to evaluate PI in horses with and without clinically relevant stress injury.

Keywords

bone mineral density; porosity index; MRI; ultra-short echo time; CT; equine; lateral condylar fracture; palmar osteochondral disease; stress fracture; fatigue injury

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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