Shao, L.; González-Cardenete, M.A.; Prieto-Garcia, J.M. In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Ferruginol Analogues in Sk-MEL28 Human Melanoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24, 16322, doi:10.3390/ijms242216322.
Shao, L.; González-Cardenete, M.A.; Prieto-Garcia, J.M. In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Ferruginol Analogues in Sk-MEL28 Human Melanoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24, 16322, doi:10.3390/ijms242216322.
Shao, L.; González-Cardenete, M.A.; Prieto-Garcia, J.M. In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Ferruginol Analogues in Sk-MEL28 Human Melanoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24, 16322, doi:10.3390/ijms242216322.
Shao, L.; González-Cardenete, M.A.; Prieto-Garcia, J.M. In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Ferruginol Analogues in Sk-MEL28 Human Melanoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24, 16322, doi:10.3390/ijms242216322.
Abstract
Ferruginol is a promising abietane-type antitumor diterpene able to induce apoptosis in SK-Mel-28 human malignant melanoma. We here aim to increase this activity by testing the effect of a small library of ferruginol analogues. After an screening of their antiproliferative activity (SRB staining) on SK-Mel-28 cells the analogue 18-aminoferruginol (GI50=10 µM) was further selected for mechanistic studies including effects on mitochondrial viability (MTT assay, IC50=10 µM p<0.0001), induction of apoptosis (DAPI staining, p<0.001), changes in cell morphology associated with the treatment (cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing), induction of caspase-3/7 activity (2.5x at 48h, 6.5x at 72h; p<0.0001), changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (not significant), and effects on 2D cell migration and 3D cell invasion (modified Boyden assay, not significant). The results were compared to those of the parent molecule (ferruginol, GI50»50 µM) and paclitaxel (GI50=10 nM) as a reference drug. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that derivatization of ferruginol into 18-aminoferruginol increases its antiproliferative activity 5 times in SK-MEL-28 cells as well as changing the apoptotic mechanism of its parent molecule ferruginol from activation of caspases without depolarization of mitochondrial membrane.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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