Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Protective effect of procyanidin-rich grape seed extract against Gram-negative virulence factors

Roberta Maria Nicolosi
,
Graziana Bonincontro
,
Elena Imperia
,
Camilla Badiali
ORCID logo ,
Daniela De Vita
,
Fabio Sciubba
ORCID logo ,
Laura Dugo
ORCID logo ,
Michele Pier Luca Guarino
,
Annamaria Altomare
* ORCID logo ,
Giovanna Simonetti
* ORCID logo ,
Gabriella Pasqua
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 28 July 2023 / Approved: 31 July 2023 / Online: 1 August 2023 (11:13:42 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Nicolosi, R.M.; Bonincontro, G.; Imperia, E.; Badiali, C.; De Vita, D.; Sciubba, F.; Dugo, L.; Guarino, M.P.L.; Altomare, A.; Simonetti, G.; et al. Protective Effect of Procyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract against Gram-Negative Virulence Factors. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1615, doi:10.3390/antibiotics12111615. Nicolosi, R.M.; Bonincontro, G.; Imperia, E.; Badiali, C.; De Vita, D.; Sciubba, F.; Dugo, L.; Guarino, M.P.L.; Altomare, A.; Simonetti, G.; et al. Protective Effect of Procyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract against Gram-Negative Virulence Factors. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1615, doi:10.3390/antibiotics12111615.

Abstract

Biofilm formation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases caused by Gram-negative such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Grape seeds, wine industry by-products, have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, the protective effect of procyanidin-rich grape seed extract (prGSE), from unfermented pomace of Vitis vinifera cv Bellone, on bacterial LPS-induced oxidative stress and epithelial barrier integrity damages has been studied in a model of Caco-2 cells. The in vitro activity of prGSE against formation of biofilm of S. Typhimurium and E. coli, has been investigated. In vivo, prGSE activity using infected Galleria mellonella larvae has been evaluated. The results showed that the prGSE, if administered with LPS, can significantly reduce the LPS-induced permeability alteration. Moreover, the ability of the extract to prevent Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production induced by LPS treatment of Caco-2 cells has been demonstrated. prGSE inhibited the biofilm formation of E. coli and S. Typhimurium. In in vivo activity, increased survival of infected G. mellonella larvae after treatment with prGSE has been demonstrated. In conclusion, grape seed extracts could be used in the reduction of GI damage caused by bacterial endotoxin and biofilm of Gram-negative bacteria.

Keywords

grape seed extract; Vitis vinifera L.; anti-virulence factors; LPS; bacterial biofilm; Salmonella Typhimurium; Escherichia coli; Galleria mellonella; Caco-2.

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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