Sanchez-Fernandez, C.; Rodriguez-Outeiriño, L.; Matias-Valiente, L.; de Acuña, F.R.; Franco, D.; Aránega, A.E. Understanding Epicardial Cell Heterogeneity during Cardiogenesis and Heart Regeneration. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.2023, 10, 376.
Sanchez-Fernandez, C.; Rodriguez-Outeiriño, L.; Matias-Valiente, L.; de Acuña, F.R.; Franco, D.; Aránega, A.E. Understanding Epicardial Cell Heterogeneity during Cardiogenesis and Heart Regeneration. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2023, 10, 376.
Sanchez-Fernandez, C.; Rodriguez-Outeiriño, L.; Matias-Valiente, L.; de Acuña, F.R.; Franco, D.; Aránega, A.E. Understanding Epicardial Cell Heterogeneity during Cardiogenesis and Heart Regeneration. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.2023, 10, 376.
Sanchez-Fernandez, C.; Rodriguez-Outeiriño, L.; Matias-Valiente, L.; de Acuña, F.R.; Franco, D.; Aránega, A.E. Understanding Epicardial Cell Heterogeneity during Cardiogenesis and Heart Regeneration. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2023, 10, 376.
Abstract
The outermost layer of the heart, the epicardium, is an essential cell population that contributes, through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), to form different cell types and provide paracrine signals to the developing heart. Despite its quiescent state during adulthood, in response to cardiac injury, adult epicardium reactivates and recapitulates many aspects of embryonic cardiogenesis supporting cardiac tissue remodeling. Thus, the epicardium has been considered as a crucial source of cell progenitors with important contribution to developing and injured heart. Although several studies have provided evidence about cell fate determination in the epicardium, to date it is unclear whether epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) come from specific, and previously predetermined, epicardial cell subpopulations or if they are derived from a common progenitor. In recent years, different approaches have been used to study cell heterogeneity within the epicardial layer by using different experimental models. However, generated data are still insufficient to understand the complexity of this epithelial layer. In this review, we summarize the previous works supporting the cellular composition, molecular signatures and diversity within the developing and adult epicardium.
Biology and Life Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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