Version 1
: Received: 27 July 2023 / Approved: 27 July 2023 / Online: 28 July 2023 (02:27:14 CEST)
How to cite:
Alouffi, A.; Munir, F.; Sindhu, Z. U. D.; Almutairi, M. M.; Aleem, M. T. Advancement in the Development of DNA Vaccines Against Trypanosoma brucei and Future Perspective. Preprints2023, 2023071900. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1900.v1
Alouffi, A.; Munir, F.; Sindhu, Z. U. D.; Almutairi, M. M.; Aleem, M. T. Advancement in the Development of DNA Vaccines Against Trypanosoma brucei and Future Perspective. Preprints 2023, 2023071900. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1900.v1
Alouffi, A.; Munir, F.; Sindhu, Z. U. D.; Almutairi, M. M.; Aleem, M. T. Advancement in the Development of DNA Vaccines Against Trypanosoma brucei and Future Perspective. Preprints2023, 2023071900. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1900.v1
APA Style
Alouffi, A., Munir, F., Sindhu, Z. U. D., Almutairi, M. M., & Aleem, M. T. (2023). Advancement in the Development of DNA Vaccines Against <em>Trypanosoma brucei</em> and Future Perspective. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1900.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Alouffi, A., Mashal Muhammad Almutairi and Muhammad Tahir Aleem. 2023 "Advancement in the Development of DNA Vaccines Against <em>Trypanosoma brucei</em> and Future Perspective" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1900.v1
Abstract
Trypanosomes are the extracellular protozoan parasites that cause human African trypanosomiasis disease in humans and nagana disease in animals. The disease is endemic in African countries where tsetse flies which act as a vector for the transmission of disease are present. The animals infected by these parasites become useless or workless and disease can become fatal if not treated. Old drugs used for treatment have many side effects and some are responsible for death in 5% of the patients. The parasite possesses a major surface protein known as variant surface glycoprotein. The immune system of the host develops antibodies against this antigen but due to antigenic variation, parasites evade the immune response. Currently, no vaccine is available that provides complete protection. Only partial protection using certain antigens in murine models was investigated. The tools of molecular biology and immunology have enabled a novel approach to the development of vaccines against trypanosomes. Immunization is the sole method for the control of disease because the eradication of the vector from endemic areas is an impossible task. Genetic vaccines can carry multiple genes encoding different antigens of the same parasite or different parasites. DNA immunization induces the activation of both cellular immune response and humoral immune response along with the generation of memory. This review highlights the importance of DNA vaccines and advances in the development of DNA vaccines against T. brucei.
Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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