PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Clutter Effect Investigation on Co-Polarized Chipless RFID Tags and Mitigation Using Cross-Polarized Tags, Analytical Model, Simulation, and Measurement
Alam, J.; Khaliel, M.; Zheng, F.; Solbach, K.; Kaiser, T. Clutter Effect Investigation on Co-Polarized Chipless RFID Tags and Mitigation Using Cross-Polarized Tags, Analytical Model, Simulation, and Measurement. Sensors2023, 23, 7562.
Alam, J.; Khaliel, M.; Zheng, F.; Solbach, K.; Kaiser, T. Clutter Effect Investigation on Co-Polarized Chipless RFID Tags and Mitigation Using Cross-Polarized Tags, Analytical Model, Simulation, and Measurement. Sensors 2023, 23, 7562.
Alam, J.; Khaliel, M.; Zheng, F.; Solbach, K.; Kaiser, T. Clutter Effect Investigation on Co-Polarized Chipless RFID Tags and Mitigation Using Cross-Polarized Tags, Analytical Model, Simulation, and Measurement. Sensors2023, 23, 7562.
Alam, J.; Khaliel, M.; Zheng, F.; Solbach, K.; Kaiser, T. Clutter Effect Investigation on Co-Polarized Chipless RFID Tags and Mitigation Using Cross-Polarized Tags, Analytical Model, Simulation, and Measurement. Sensors 2023, 23, 7562.
Abstract
Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is expected to replace barcode technology due to its ability to read in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations, long reading range, and low cost. Currently, there is extensive research being conducted on frequency-coded (FC) co-polarized radar cross-section (RCS)-based tags, which are widely used. However, detecting co-polarized chipless RFID tags in cluttered environments is still a challenge, as confirmed by measuring two co-polarized tags in front of a perfect metal reflector (30.5cm×22.5cm). To address this challenge, a realistic mathematical model for a chipless RFID system has been developed that takes into account the characteristics of the reader and the tag, as well as reflections from cluttered objects. This model has been simulated and verified with measurement results by placing a single flat metal reflector behind two co-polarized one-bit designs: a dipole array tag and a square patch tag. The results showed that the interfering signal completely overlaps the ID of the co-polarized tag, severely limiting its detectability. To solve this issue, the proposed solution involves reading the tag in cross-polarization mode by etching a diagonal slot in the square patch tag. This proposed tag provides high immunity to the environment and can be detected in front of both dielectric and metallic objects.
Keywords
Chipless RFID; Analytical Model; Clutter; Simulation; Measurement; RCS-based cross-polarized tag
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
Extensive research is currently being conducted on frequency-coded (FC) co-polarized radar cross-section (RCS)-based tags, which are extensively employed. Nevertheless, detecting co-polarized chipless RFID devices in cluttered environments remains difficult. This suggested tag can be detected in front of both metallic and dielectric objects and offers good immunity to the environment. This work is certainly significant to the scientific community.
Received:
16 July 2023
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
This paper provides valuable insights into the development of chipless RFID technology, addressing the challenge of detecting co-polarized tags in cluttered environments. The authors present a realistic mathematical model, along with a cross-polarization reading solution that enhances tag detectability and immunity to the environment. The inclusion of simulation and measurement results strengthens the credibility of their findings. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of chipless RFID technology and its potential for widespread practical implementation.
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
The authors have developed a comprehensive mathematical framework for linear Frequency Coded Radar Cross Section (FC RCS) tag-based chipless RFID systems. This framework takes into account various factors such as clutter and multipath effects, polarization, angle of departure and arrival, as well as amplitude and phase components. The model was tested using two types of tags, which adds great value to validate the model.
Remarkably, a close agreement was observed between the analytical model and the measurement results. Additionally, an intriguing finding emerged from the study: in a cluttered environment, co-polarized tags were unable to be identified, despite the ongoing research in this area. This study provides valuable insights into the environmental effects on co-polarized tags, emphasizing the need for researchers to shift their focus towards realistic tag designs, such as cross-polarization tags or other suitable alternatives.
Overall, this research will significantly contribute to the understanding of environmental effects on co-polarized tags, benefitting researchers in the field and guiding them towards the development of more realistic tag designs.
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Remarkably, a close agreement was observed between the analytical model and the measurement results. Additionally, an intriguing finding emerged from the study: in a cluttered environment, co-polarized tags were unable to be identified, despite the ongoing research in this area. This study provides valuable insights into the environmental effects on co-polarized tags, emphasizing the need for researchers to shift their focus towards realistic tag designs, such as cross-polarization tags or other suitable alternatives.
Overall, this research will significantly contribute to the understanding of environmental effects on co-polarized tags, benefitting researchers in the field and guiding them towards the development of more realistic tag designs.