Seven Epidemic Waves of COVID-19 in a Hospital in Madrid. Analysis of Severity and Associated Factors

Juan V. San Martín; Nieves Mesa; David Bernal-Bello; Alejandro Morales-Ortega; Marta Rivilla; Marta Guerrero; Ruth Calderón; Ana I. Farfán; Luis Rivas; Guillermo Soria; Aída Izquierdo; Elena Madroñal; Miguel Duarte; Sara Piedrabuena; María Toledano-Macías; Jorge Marrero; Cristina De Ancos; Begoña Frutos; Rafael Cristóbal; Laura Velazquez; Belén Mora; Paula Cuenca; José Á. Satué; Ibone Ayala-Larrañaga; Lorena Carpintero; Celia Lara; Álvaro R. Llerena; Virginia García; Vanesa García de Viedma; Santiago Prieto; Natalia González-Pereira; Cristina Bravo; Carolina Mariño; Luis Antonio Lechuga; Jorge Tarancón; Sonia Gonzalo; Santiago Moreno; José M. Ruiz-Giardin

doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0570.v1

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

San Martín-López, J.V.; Mesa, N.; Bernal-Bello, D.; Morales-Ortega, A.; Rivilla, M.; Guerrero, M.; Calderón, R.; Farfán, A.I.; Rivas, L.; Soria, G.; Izquierdo, A.; Madroñal, E.; Duarte, M.; Piedrabuena, S.; Toledano-Macías, M.; Marrero, J.; de Ancos, C.; Frutos, B.; Cristóbal, R.; Velázquez, L.; Mora, B.; Cuenca, P.; Satué, J.Á.; Ayala-Larrañaga, I.; Carpintero, L.; Lara, C.; Llerena, Á.R.; García, V.; García de Viedma, V.; Prieto, S.; González-Pereira, N.; Bravo, C.; Mariño, C.; Lechuga, L.A.; Tarancón, J.; Gonzalo, S.; Moreno, S.; Ruiz-Giardin, J.M. Seven Epidemic Waves of COVID-19 in a Hospital in Madrid: Analysis of Severity and Associated Factors. Viruses 2023, 15, 1839. San Martín-López, J.V.; Mesa, N.; Bernal-Bello, D.; Morales-Ortega, A.; Rivilla, M.; Guerrero, M.; Calderón, R.; Farfán, A.I.; Rivas, L.; Soria, G.; Izquierdo, A.; Madroñal, E.; Duarte, M.; Piedrabuena, S.; Toledano-Macías, M.; Marrero, J.; de Ancos, C.; Frutos, B.; Cristóbal, R.; Velázquez, L.; Mora, B.; Cuenca, P.; Satué, J.Á.; Ayala-Larrañaga, I.; Carpintero, L.; Lara, C.; Llerena, Á.R.; García, V.; García de Viedma, V.; Prieto, S.; González-Pereira, N.; Bravo, C.; Mariño, C.; Lechuga, L.A.; Tarancón, J.; Gonzalo, S.; Moreno, S.; Ruiz-Giardin, J.M. Seven Epidemic Waves of COVID-19 in a Hospital in Madrid: Analysis of Severity and Associated Factors. Viruses 2023, 15, 1839.

Abstract

(1) Background: Since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, seven epidemic waves have been described in Spain. Our objective was to study mortality and severity, and associated factors in our hospitalized patients; (2) Method: Retrospective cohort study was conducted on COVID-19 patients admitted to the Hospital de Fuenlabrada (Madrid, Spain) from the beginning of the pandemic until December 31, 2022; (3) Results: A total of 5,510 admissions for COVID-19 were recorded. First wave accounted for 1,823 (33%) and exhibited the highest proportion of severe patients (lowest mean oxygen saturation, 88.2%; elevated levels of CRP, IL-6, D-dimer and ferri-tin), but a below-average percentage of intubated patients (5% vs. 6.5%). Overall mortality rate was 10.3%, higher during the first wave (11.5%) and the two winter waves (third: 11.3%, sixth: 12%), although the first wave represented 39% of the total. Variables associated with mortality were age (OR 1.08,1.07-1.09), need for high-flow oxygen (OR 6.10,4.94-7.52), oncological disease (OR 1.88,1.53-2.60), dementia (OR 1.82,1.2-2.75), Charlson index (OR 1.38,1.31-1.47), and maxi-mum IL-6 levels (OR 1.001,1.000-1.001); (4) Conclusions: Variables associated with mortality in-cluded age, comorbidity, respiratory failure, and inflammation. Differences on baseline charac-teristics of patients admitted explained differences on mortality in each wave

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Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Seven Epidemic Waves of COVID-19 in a Hospital in Madrid. Analysis of Severity and Associated Factors

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