Version 1
: Received: 5 July 2023 / Approved: 5 July 2023 / Online: 6 July 2023 (07:50:20 CEST)
How to cite:
Mizuno, D.; Kawahara, M.; Konoha–Mizuno, K.; Ogawara, T.; Yamazaki, K. The Role of Zinc in Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent. Preprints2023, 2023070371. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0371.v1
Mizuno, D.; Kawahara, M.; Konoha–Mizuno, K.; Ogawara, T.; Yamazaki, K. The Role of Zinc in Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent. Preprints 2023, 2023070371. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0371.v1
Mizuno, D.; Kawahara, M.; Konoha–Mizuno, K.; Ogawara, T.; Yamazaki, K. The Role of Zinc in Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent. Preprints2023, 2023070371. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0371.v1
APA Style
Mizuno, D., Kawahara, M., Konoha–Mizuno, K., Ogawara, T., & Yamazaki, K. (2023). The Role of Zinc in Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0371.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Mizuno, D., Terumasa Ogawara and Kentaro Yamazaki. 2023 "The Role of Zinc in Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0371.v1
Abstract
Synaptic zinc ions (Zn2+) play an important role in the development of vascular dementia (VD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this article, based on our study and many others, we review the mo-lecular pathways by which Zn2+ causes neurotoxicity. Zn2+ influences calcium homeostasis, energy production pathway, production of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, and activated protein kinase/c-Jun amino terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) pathway and consequently exerts neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we searched various crops for substances that protect neurones from neurotoxicity caused by Zn2+ and clarified that carnosine (β-alanylhistidine) may be a therapeutic drug for VD and PD. Here, we also review the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of carnosine as an endogenous protector and its protective effect against Zn2+-induced cyto-toxicity and discuss prospects for future neurodegenerative diseases therapeutic applications of this dipeptide.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
