Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Emerging Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and the Interplay with Immunotherapy

Christian A Linares
† ORCID logo ,
Anjana Varghese
† ,
Aruni Ghose
† ,
Sayali Dinesh Shinde
,
Sola Adeleke
,
Elisabet Sanchez
,
Matin Sheriff
,
Cyrus CHARGARI
,
Elie Rassy
ORCID logo ,
Stergios Boussios
* ORCID logo
†
These authors contributed equally.
Version 1 : Received: 3 July 2023 / Approved: 3 July 2023 / Online: 4 July 2023 (02:39:07 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Linares, C.A.; Varghese, A.; Ghose, A.; Shinde, S.D.; Adeleke, S.; Sanchez, E.; Sheriff, M.; Chargari, C.; Rassy, E.; Boussios, S. Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and Its Interaction with Emerging Immunotherapy Modalities. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13215. Linares, C.A.; Varghese, A.; Ghose, A.; Shinde, S.D.; Adeleke, S.; Sanchez, E.; Sheriff, M.; Chargari, C.; Rassy, E.; Boussios, S. Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and Its Interaction with Emerging Immunotherapy Modalities. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13215.

Abstract

Gliomas are aggressive, primary central nervous system tumours arising from glial cells. Glioblastomas are the most malignant. They are known for their poor prognosis or median overall survival. Current standard of care is overwhelmed by the heterogeneous, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment promoting immune evasion and tumour proliferation. The advent of immunotherapy with its various modalities – immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, chimeric antigen receptor T cells and NK cells have shown promise. Clinical trials incorporating combination therapies of the above have overcome the microenvironment resistance and yielded survival and prognostic benefit. Rolling these new therapies out in the real-world scenario in a low cost, high throughput manner is the unmet need of the hour. These will bring practice changing implications to the glioma treatment landscape. In this review article, we focus on describing the hallmarks of the glioma microenvironment and its interplay with the different emerging modalities of immunotherapy.

Keywords

Gliomas; Tumour Microenvironment; Immunotherapy; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Vaccines

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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