Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): From Abnormal Behavior to Impairment in Synaptic Plasticity

Gonzalo Ugarte
,
Ricardo Piña
ORCID logo ,
Darwin Contreras
ORCID logo ,
Felipe Godoy
,
David Rubio
,
Carlos Rozas
ORCID logo ,
Marc Zeise
ORCID logo ,
Bernardo Morales
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 29 June 2023 / Approved: 30 June 2023 / Online: 30 June 2023 (12:16:05 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Ugarte, G.; Piña, R.; Contreras, D.; Godoy, F.; Rubio, D.; Rozas, C.; Zeise, M.; Vidal, R.; Escobar, J.; Morales, B. Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): From Abnormal Behavior to Impairment in Synaptic Plasticity. Biology 2023, 12, 1241. Ugarte, G.; Piña, R.; Contreras, D.; Godoy, F.; Rubio, D.; Rozas, C.; Zeise, M.; Vidal, R.; Escobar, J.; Morales, B. Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): From Abnormal Behavior to Impairment in Synaptic Plasticity. Biology 2023, 12, 1241.

Abstract

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high incidence in children and adolescents characterized by motor hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. MRI-based evidences support that neuroanatomical abnormalities as the volume reduction of neocortex and hippocampus are shared by several neuropsychiatric diseases as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. In addition, it is well documented the abnormal development and postnatal pruning of dendritic spines of neocortical neurons in schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. A recent report using the prenatal nicotine exposure murine model of ADHD support a delay in spine maturation in CA1 neurons correlated with impaired working memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). In vivo spine imaging show that dendritic spines are dynamic structures exhibiting Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity triggering intracellular cascades involving glutamate receptors, calcium influx and remodeling of F-actin network. The LTP-induced insertion of postsynaptic glutamate receptors is associated to the enlargement of spine head and long-term depression (LTD) to the spine shrinkage. In this review, we summarize recent evidence emerged from meta-analysis of brain imaging data from ADHD patients, risk loci from global genome-wide analysis and new reports focused on spine molecular structure and dynamics using in vivo imaging in neocortex and hippocampus.

Keywords

neurodevelopmental disorders; hippocampus; long-term potentiation; dendritic spines; prenatal nicotine exposure model

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Neuroscience and Neurology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download PDF

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0
Metrics 0
Get PDF Cite Share 0
Bookmark BibSonomy Mendeley Reddit Delicious
×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.