Mansur, A.P.; Pereira-Barretto, A.C.; del Carlo, C.H.; Avakian, S.D.; Nakagawa, N.K.; Cesar, L.A.M.; Bocchi, E.A. Sex Differences in Prognosis of Heart Failure Due to Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Med.2023, 12, 5323.
Mansur, A.P.; Pereira-Barretto, A.C.; del Carlo, C.H.; Avakian, S.D.; Nakagawa, N.K.; Cesar, L.A.M.; Bocchi, E.A. Sex Differences in Prognosis of Heart Failure Due to Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 5323.
Mansur, A.P.; Pereira-Barretto, A.C.; del Carlo, C.H.; Avakian, S.D.; Nakagawa, N.K.; Cesar, L.A.M.; Bocchi, E.A. Sex Differences in Prognosis of Heart Failure Due to Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Med.2023, 12, 5323.
Mansur, A.P.; Pereira-Barretto, A.C.; del Carlo, C.H.; Avakian, S.D.; Nakagawa, N.K.; Cesar, L.A.M.; Bocchi, E.A. Sex Differences in Prognosis of Heart Failure Due to Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 5323.
Abstract
Background: Limited research has explored sex-specific differences in death predictors of HF pa-tients with ischemic (iCMP) and nonischemic (niCMP) cardiomyopathy. This study assessed sex differences in niCMP and iCMP prognosis.
Methods: We studied 7,487 patients with HF between February 2017 and September 2020. Clini-cal features and echocardiographic findings were collected. We used Kaplan-Meier, Cox propor-tional hazards models, and score chi-square of Cox regression to determine death predictors in women and men.
Results: mean age was 64.3±14.2 years, with 4,417 (59%) males. Women with iCMP and niCMP exhibited significantly higher mean age, higher mean left ventricular ejection fraction, and smaller left ventricular diastolic diameter than men. Over 2.26 years of follow-up, 325 (14.7%) women and 420 (15.7%) men, and 211 women (24.5%) and 519 men (29.8%) died in niCMP (p=NS) and iCMP (p=0.004), respectively. Cumulative incidence of death was higher in men with iCMP (log-rank p<0.0001) but similar in niCMP. Cox regression showed chronic kidney disease, dia-betes, stroke, atrial fibrillation, age, and myocardial infarction, as main predictors of death for iCMP in women and men.
Conclusion: Women exhibited a better prognosis than men in iCMP, but similar for niCMP. Nevertheless, sex was not an independent predictor of death for both CMP.
Keywords
heart failure; cardiomyopathy; ischemic heart disease; prognosis; women; men
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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