Pietkiewicz, T. Fusion of Identification Information from ESM Sensors and Radars Using Dezert–Smarandache Theory Rules. Remote Sens.2023, 15, 3977.
Pietkiewicz, T. Fusion of Identification Information from ESM Sensors and Radars Using Dezert–Smarandache Theory Rules. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 3977.
Pietkiewicz, T. Fusion of Identification Information from ESM Sensors and Radars Using Dezert–Smarandache Theory Rules. Remote Sens.2023, 15, 3977.
Pietkiewicz, T. Fusion of Identification Information from ESM Sensors and Radars Using Dezert–Smarandache Theory Rules. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 3977.
Abstract
This paper presents a method of fusion of identification (attribute) information provided by two types of sensors: combined primary and secondary (IFF) surveillance radars and ESM (Electronic Support Measures). In the first section, the basic taxonomy of attribute identification is adopted in accordance with the standards of STANAG 1241 ed. 5 and STANAG 1241 ed. 6 (draft). These standards provide the following basic values of the attribute identifications: FRIEND, HOSTILE, NEUTRAL, UNKNOWN and additional values: ASSUMED FRIEND and SUSPECT. The basis of theoretical considerations is Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSmT) of inference. The paper presents and practically uses for combining identification information from different ESM sensors and radars six information fusion rules proposed by DSmT - the Proportional Conflict Redistribution rules (PCR1, PCR2, PCR3, PCR4, PCR5 and PCR6). In the paper, rules of determining attribute information by ESM sensor equipped with the data base of radar emitters are presented. It was proposed that each signal vector sent by the ESM sensor contained an extension specifying a randomized identification declaration (hypothesis) - basic belief assignment (BBA). The paper also presents a model for determining the basic belief assignment for a combined primary and secondary radar. Results of the PCR rules of sensor information combining for different scenarios of radio-electronic situation (deterministic and Monte Carlo) are presented in the final part of the paper. They confirm the legitimacy of the use of Dezert-Smarandache theory into information fusion for primary radars, secondary radars and ESM sensors.
Keywords
information fusion; Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSmT) of inference; conflict redistribution rules; radar emitters recognition; electronic support measures (ESM); primary and secondary radars
Subject
Engineering, Control and Systems Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
