Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Enhanced Measurement of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Marketing to Young Immigrant Children in Grocery Store Environments

Hadis Dastgerdizad
* ORCID logo ,
Rachael D Dombrowski
ORCID logo ,
Noel Kulik
ORCID logo ,
Kathryn A.G. Knoff
ORCID logo ,
Bree Bode
,
James Mallare
,
Dariush K Elyaderani
,
Ravneet Kaur
Version 1 : Received: 21 June 2023 / Approved: 22 June 2023 / Online: 22 June 2023 (11:51:18 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Dastgerdizad, H.; Dombrowski, R.D.; Kulik, N.; Knoff, K.A.G.; Bode, B.; Mallare, J.; Elyaderani, D.K.; Kaur, R. Enhanced Measurement of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Marketing to Young Immigrant Children in Grocery Store Environments. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2972. Dastgerdizad, H.; Dombrowski, R.D.; Kulik, N.; Knoff, K.A.G.; Bode, B.; Mallare, J.; Elyaderani, D.K.; Kaur, R. Enhanced Measurement of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Marketing to Young Immigrant Children in Grocery Store Environments. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2972.

Abstract

Abstract: The marketing of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) within grocers is an obesogenic factor that negatively impacts children’s nutritional behavior, specifically regarding people from racial and ethnic minority groups. We aimed to develop and employ a methodology that more precisely assesses the availability, price, and promotion of SSBs to young immigrant children within independently owned grocery stores. A case comparison design was used to explore the differences in the grocery store landscape of SSB marketing by conducting an enhanced Nutrition Environment Measures Survey-SSB (NEMS-SSB) within 30 grocery stores in the Hispanic and Latino enclaves in Southwest Detroit, in the Arab and Chaldean enclaves in North-central Detroit, and in Warren, Hamtramck, and Dearborn, in comparison with 48 grocers in Metro Detroit. Organic, plant-based, and unsweetened toddler and infant beverages, as well as questions about marketing, were added to the original NEMS-S to capture the promotion tactics used in marketing SSBs. NEMS-SSB scores revealed in the immigrant enclaves there was a significantly higher availability of SSBs in grocery stores (−2.38), and they had lower prices than those in the comparison group (−0.52). Availability of unsweetened and organic beverages was zero in 97% of all participating grocery stores. Signage featuring cartoon characters was the most frequent in-store SSB marketing tactic. Widespread SSB marketing towards toddlers within the grocery stores in immigrant enclaves could be linked with the higher childhood obesity prevalence among this population. Our findings can assist local and national organizations in developing and implementing healthy eating interventions. This study can be repeated in other states to provide comparable results.

Keywords

obesogenic environment; sugar-sweetened beverage marketing; early childhood obesity; immi-grant enclaves; nutrition environment measures survey; independently owned grocery stores

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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