PreprintReviewVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Transcription Factors Control the Virulence-Associated Metabolic Enzymes and Membrane Proteins in Response to Nutrient Bioavailability in Cryptococcal Infection
Version 1
: Received: 17 June 2023 / Approved: 19 June 2023 / Online: 19 June 2023 (14:43:36 CEST)
How to cite:
Folorunso, O.S.; Sebolai, O.M. Transcription Factors Control the Virulence-Associated Metabolic Enzymes and Membrane Proteins in Response to Nutrient Bioavailability in Cryptococcal Infection. Preprints2023, 2023061372. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1372.v1
Folorunso, O.S.; Sebolai, O.M. Transcription Factors Control the Virulence-Associated Metabolic Enzymes and Membrane Proteins in Response to Nutrient Bioavailability in Cryptococcal Infection. Preprints 2023, 2023061372. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1372.v1
Folorunso, O.S.; Sebolai, O.M. Transcription Factors Control the Virulence-Associated Metabolic Enzymes and Membrane Proteins in Response to Nutrient Bioavailability in Cryptococcal Infection. Preprints2023, 2023061372. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1372.v1
APA Style
Folorunso, O.S., & Sebolai, O.M. (2023). Transcription Factors Control the Virulence-Associated Metabolic Enzymes and Membrane Proteins in Response to Nutrient Bioavailability in Cryptococcal Infection. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1372.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Folorunso, O.S. and Olihile Moses Sebolai. 2023 "Transcription Factors Control the Virulence-Associated Metabolic Enzymes and Membrane Proteins in Response to Nutrient Bioavailability in Cryptococcal Infection" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1372.v1
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that causes cryptococcosis, a significant secondary infection in immunocompromised individuals with immune-suppressive related symptoms from HIV infection and organ transplants. Fungaemia occurs via the respiratory route and spreads by tissue invasion into other body parts. Enzymes and membrane-associated permeases/transporters are accessory proteins deployed to enhance the survival, adaptation, and infection caused by Cryptococcus species. The nutrient bioavailability determines the functional turnover rate of these proteins in the immediate fungal environment. Low oxygen levels in the internal organs, essential micro-elements locked in the storage proteins, catabolite repression, phagolysosomal low glucose level and pH, tight junction, and extracellular matrixes are challenges to the survival of this pathogen in the host. This review identifies key hydrolytic and metabolic enzymes and permeases/transporters as essential weapons of virulence in addition to survival, tolerance, resistance, adaptation, and infection in humans. Under the regulation of different transcription factors, these proteins are released in response to nutrient sensors designed to siphon the host nutrients and induce infection in predisposed individuals. The extracellular secretory vesicles called “exosomal virulence bag” also harbour cryptococcal urease, laccase, phosphatase, and capsular components as additional secretory protein weapons for immune evasion, tissue invasion and persistence.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
