Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults with Rest-less Legs Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disease

Ioannis Liampas
* ORCID logo ,
Vasileios Siokas
,
Andreas Andreas
,
George Sakoutis
,
Mary Yannakoulia
ORCID logo ,
Mary H Kosmidis
ORCID logo ,
Paraskevi Sakka
,
Nikolaos Scarmeas
,
Georgios M Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou
ORCID logo ,
Efthimios Dardiotis
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 15 June 2023 / Approved: 16 June 2023 / Online: 16 June 2023 (04:44:13 CEST)

How to cite: Liampas, I.; Siokas, V.; Andreas, A.; Sakoutis, G.; Yannakoulia, M.; Kosmidis, M.H.; Sakka, P.; Scarmeas, N.; Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou, G.M.; Dardiotis, E. Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults with Rest-less Legs Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disease. Preprints 2023, 2023061172. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1172.v1 Liampas, I.; Siokas, V.; Andreas, A.; Sakoutis, G.; Yannakoulia, M.; Kosmidis, M.H.; Sakka, P.; Scarmeas, N.; Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou, G.M.; Dardiotis, E. Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults with Rest-less Legs Syndrome or Willis-Ekbom Disease. Preprints 2023, 2023061172. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1172.v1

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Restless Legs Syndrome /Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) has occasionally -but not consistently- been associated with cognitive, and most notably, language and executive impairment. The present study was conducted to investigate the cognitive trajectories of older individuals with RLS/WED. Methods: Participants were drawn from the randomly selected, older (>64 years), population-based HELIAD cohort. Individuals without dementia, with available neuropsychological evaluations at baseline and follow-up were considered for potential eligibility. A comprehensive assessment examining five principal components of cognition (memory, visuo-spatial ability, attention, executive function, and language) was administered to the partici-pants. Generalized estimating equations analysis was used to examine the unadjusted and adjusted (for critical factors and covariates) effects of RLS/WED on cognition over time. Results: A total of 1003 predominantly female, older (72.9 ±4.9 years) partici-pants, with follow-up evaluations after a mean of 3.09 ±0.85 years and without demen-tia at baseline and follow-up were included in the present study. Among them, 81 were diagnosed with RLS/WED at baseline. Global cognition, memory, attention, executive and visuo-perceptual skills did not differ between those with and without RLS/WED. However, the RLS/WED group performed worse on language at baseline by 0.249 of a standard deviation, while demonstrating a mitigated language decline over time, by 0.063 of a standard deviation. The unadjusted models yielded similar results. Conclu-sions: Our findings were indicative of a baseline language disadvantage among older individuals with RLS/WED, but the initial discrepancy tends to dissolve over time.

Keywords

Memory; Language; Attention; Executive Function; Visuospatial Function

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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