Rufino Júnior, C.A.; Riva Sanseverino, E.; Gallo, P.; Koch, D.; Diel, S.; Walter, G.; Trilla, L.; Ferreira, V.J.; Pérez, G.B.; Kotak, Y.; Eichman, J.; Schweiger, H.-G.; Zanin, H. Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries. Batteries2024, 10, 115.
Rufino Júnior, C.A.; Riva Sanseverino, E.; Gallo, P.; Koch, D.; Diel, S.; Walter, G.; Trilla, L.; Ferreira, V.J.; Pérez, G.B.; Kotak, Y.; Eichman, J.; Schweiger, H.-G.; Zanin, H. Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries. Batteries 2024, 10, 115.
Rufino Júnior, C.A.; Riva Sanseverino, E.; Gallo, P.; Koch, D.; Diel, S.; Walter, G.; Trilla, L.; Ferreira, V.J.; Pérez, G.B.; Kotak, Y.; Eichman, J.; Schweiger, H.-G.; Zanin, H. Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries. Batteries2024, 10, 115.
Rufino Júnior, C.A.; Riva Sanseverino, E.; Gallo, P.; Koch, D.; Diel, S.; Walter, G.; Trilla, L.; Ferreira, V.J.; Pérez, G.B.; Kotak, Y.; Eichman, J.; Schweiger, H.-G.; Zanin, H. Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries. Batteries 2024, 10, 115.
Abstract
The transportation sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, thus imposing sig-nificant environmental hazards. In response, many nations have begun promoting Electric Vehicles (EVs) as an ecologically sustainable substitute for traditional combustion vehicles. Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), characterized by their high energy density, extended lifespan, and relatively low self-discharge rate, have become the suitable energy storage system for EVs, advancing the field of sustainable transportation.
The decreasing cost of LIB production has primarily driven this progression, realized through a combination of economies of scale, advancements in electrode materials and cell design, and re-finements in manufacturing processes. All these elements collectively contribute to the cost reduc-tion of LIBs. A foreseeable implication of this trend is an expected surge in LIBs that will exhaust their operational lifespan and, consequently, be cast away into the environment. One mitigating strategy for this impending environmental issue involves collecting these spent EV batteries, re-configuring them, and repurposing them for applications with less rigorous weight, performance, and size prerequisites. This approach would not only prolong the utility life of the batteries but also ameliorate their environmental impacts.
Nevertheless, second-life batteries are anticipated to exhibit a higher rate of gas evolution, necessitating comprehensive testing and readjustments to ensure safe operation in secondary ap-plications. The regulatory framework encompassing the second-life battery sector still needs to be defined regarding norms, technical standards, and legislation.
This paper aims to elucidate the primary regulations and technical standards proposed thus far in the second-life battery marketplace. The results underscore the exigency for neutral evaluative entities, such as universities, research centers, and governmental institutions, to perform an unbi-ased assessment of the second-life battery market. This would pave the way for novel technical standards and legislative measures specifically tailored to this emerging sector.
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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