Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity measurements: a Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+

Vincenzo Ronca
* ORCID logo ,
Ana Martinez-Levy
,
Alessia Vozzi
ORCID logo ,
Andrea Giorgi
,
Pietro Aricò
ORCID logo ,
Rossella Capotorto
,
Gianluca Borghini
ORCID logo ,
Gianluca Di Flumeri
ORCID logo ,
Fabio Babiloni
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 5 June 2023 / Approved: 6 June 2023 / Online: 6 June 2023 (04:27:30 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Ronca, V.; Martinez-Levy, A.C.; Vozzi, A.; Giorgi, A.; Aricò, P.; Capotorto, R.; Borghini, G.; Babiloni, F.; Di Flumeri, G. Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+. Sensors 2023, 23, 5847. Ronca, V.; Martinez-Levy, A.C.; Vozzi, A.; Giorgi, A.; Aricò, P.; Capotorto, R.; Borghini, G.; Babiloni, F.; Di Flumeri, G. Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+. Sensors 2023, 23, 5847.

Abstract

The capability of measuring specific neurophysiological and autonomic parameters plays a crucial role in the objective evaluation of the human’s mental and emotional states. These human aspects are commonly known in scientific literature to be involved in a wide range of processes, such as the stress and arousal. These aspects represent a relevant factor especially in real and operational environment. Neurophysiological autonomic parameters, such as the Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Photoplethysmographic data (PPG), have been usually investigated through research-graded devices, therefore resulting in a high degree of invasiveness, which could negatively interfere with the monitored user’s activity. For such a reason, in the last decade the recent consumer-grade wearable devices, usually designed for fitness tracking purposes, are receiving an increasing attention from the scientific community, being characterized by higher comfort, easiness of use and, therefore, by higher compatibility with dailylife environments. The present preliminary study aimed at assessing the reliability of a consumer wearable device, i.e., the Fitbit Sense, with respect to a research-graded wearable, i.e., the Empatica E4 wristband, and a laboratory device, i.e., the Shimmer GSR3+. The EDA and PPG were collected among 12 participants while performing multiple resting conditions. The results demonstrated that the EDA and PPG-derived features computed through the wearable and research devices were positively and significantly correlated, while the reliability of the consumer device resulted to be significantly lower.

Keywords

Electrodermal activity; Photoplethysmography; Consumer wearables

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Neuroscience and Neurology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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