Version 1
: Received: 25 May 2023 / Approved: 26 May 2023 / Online: 26 May 2023 (07:46:44 CEST)
How to cite:
Okpako, I.O.; Ng'ong'a, F.A.; Kyama, C.M.; Oyem, J.C.; Njeru, S.N. Antiproliferative Activity of Euphorbia ingens Extract against Prostate Cancer Cell Line: An in silico and in vitro Analysis. Preprints2023, 2023051881. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1881.v1
Okpako, I.O.; Ng'ong'a, F.A.; Kyama, C.M.; Oyem, J.C.; Njeru, S.N. Antiproliferative Activity of Euphorbia ingens Extract against Prostate Cancer Cell Line: An in silico and in vitro Analysis. Preprints 2023, 2023051881. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1881.v1
Okpako, I.O.; Ng'ong'a, F.A.; Kyama, C.M.; Oyem, J.C.; Njeru, S.N. Antiproliferative Activity of Euphorbia ingens Extract against Prostate Cancer Cell Line: An in silico and in vitro Analysis. Preprints2023, 2023051881. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1881.v1
APA Style
Okpako, I.O., Ng'ong'a, F.A., Kyama, C.M., Oyem, J.C., & Njeru, S.N. (2023). Antiproliferative Activity of Euphorbia ingens Extract against Prostate Cancer Cell Line: An in silico and in vitro Analysis. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1881.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Okpako, I.O., John Chukuwma Oyem and Sospeter Ngoci Njeru. 2023 "Antiproliferative Activity of Euphorbia ingens Extract against Prostate Cancer Cell Line: An in silico and in vitro Analysis" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1881.v1
Abstract
Euphorbia ingens is traditionally used to treat and manage cancer in Ambeere community of Embu County in Kenya. Whilst research has demonstrated the bioactivities of E. ingens including antimicrobial, antitubercular and antifungal activities, scientific validation of its anticancer properties is limited. This study evaluated the antiproliferative potentials of E. ingens on human prostate cancer cell line (DU-145). The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the antiproliferative activity, chemical constituents were analysed by qualitative colour method and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. At the same time, the investigation of putative molecular targets and mechanisms of action of E. ingens was done through network pharmacological analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was carried out to validate the network predictions of putative targets. Our result showed E. ingens ethyl acetate inhibited DU-145 growth (IC50 of 9.71 ± 0.4 µg/ml) with a high selectivity index of 8.26. There was the presence of phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and saponins; additional 18 compounds were identified by the GC-MS approach. ESR1, IL6, MMP9, CDK2, MAP2K1, AR, PRKCD, CDK1, CDC25B, and JAK2 were indicated as key targets of E. ingens against prostate cancer with the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and p53 signalling pathways identified as the most probable mechanisms of action. There was significant downregulation of AR and BCL2, and upregulation of p53 and caspase-3 in E. ingens-treated DU-145 cells compared to 0.2 % DMSO negative control. Our results suggest that E. ingens has phytochemical compounds efficacious at inhibiting the proliferation of DU-145 cells; therefore, the plant can be considered a potential source of compounds that may be used to manage and treat prostate cancer; however, further in vivo evaluations are needed.
Keywords
Euphorbia ingens; Anticancer; Antiproliferative; Prostate Cancer; Network Pharmacology; Phyto-chemicals; Mechanism of action; Molecular targets
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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