Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Assessing Contact Time and Concentration of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil on Antibacterial Efficacy In Vitro

Michela Galgano
ORCID logo ,
Francesco Pellegrini
ORCID logo ,
Daniela Mrenoshki
ORCID logo ,
Paolo Capozza
ORCID logo ,
Ahmed Hassan Omar
ORCID logo ,
Anna Salvaggiulo
,
Michele Camero
,
Gianvito Lanave
ORCID logo ,
Maria Tempesta
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Annamaria Pratelli
* ORCID logo ,
Alessio Buonavoglia
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Version 1 : Received: 23 May 2023 / Approved: 25 May 2023 / Online: 25 May 2023 (07:10:47 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Galgano, M.; Pellegrini, F.; Mrenoshki, D.; Capozza, P.; Omar, A.H.; Salvaggiulo, A.; Camero, M.; Lanave, G.; Tempesta, M.; Pratelli, A.; Buonavoglia, A. Assessing Contact Time and Concentration of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil on Antibacterial Efficacy In Vitro. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1129. Galgano, M.; Pellegrini, F.; Mrenoshki, D.; Capozza, P.; Omar, A.H.; Salvaggiulo, A.; Camero, M.; Lanave, G.; Tempesta, M.; Pratelli, A.; Buonavoglia, A. Assessing Contact Time and Concentration of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil on Antibacterial Efficacy In Vitro. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1129.

Abstract

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics can pose the risks of spreading mutant strains that show antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with negative impact on management of bacterial infections and economic implications on healthcare systems. Research and development of natural antibacterial agents could be a priority in the next years to improve number of effective antibacterial molecules and to reduce AMR phenomenon and its development. The present study identified the most effective concentration and contact time of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (TEO) to obtain bactericidal effect in vitro against different Gram + and Gram – bacterial strains. Six clinically isolated (wild types) bacterial strains, (Citrobacter freundii, Enterococcus feciorum, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter cioffi, Pasteurella putrefaciens, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two ATCC (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) were tested after 1min, 3min and 5min of contact with TEO. Preliminary results on S. aureus after 24h incubation revealed a TEO concentration of 9.28mg/mL (w/v) that completely inhibited bacteria growth keeping cell viability. Total suppression of bacterial growth at all tested contact times was observed for all tested bacterial strains and the results were confirmed after 48h incubation. Bacterial growth suppression was confirmed even with presence of organic component. These preliminary results showed in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of TEO against different Gram+ and Gram- bacterial strains. Future studies are necessary to confirm the reproducibility of these results even on other strains and to define exactly the molecular mechanisms of EOs, in order to consider TEO as a valid alternative of classic antibiotic therapies and subsequently to reduce the occurrence of AMR.

Keywords

Gram +; Gram -; Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil; contact time; bacterial growth

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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