Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Human Milk Feeding Could Protect Extremely Preterm Infants from Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Sergio Verd
ORCID logo ,
Roser Porta
* ORCID logo ,
Gemma Ginovart
,
Alejandro Ávila Alvarez
,
Fermín García-Muñoz Rodrigo
ORCID logo ,
Montserrat Izquierdo Renau
,
Paula Sol Ventura
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 22 May 2023 / Approved: 25 May 2023 / Online: 25 May 2023 (02:28:28 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Verd, S.; Porta, R.; Ginovart, G.; Avila-Alvarez, A.; García-Muñoz Rodrigo, F.; Izquierdo Renau, M.; Ventura, P.S. Human Milk Feeding Is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Moderate-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants. Children 2023, 10, 1267. Verd, S.; Porta, R.; Ginovart, G.; Avila-Alvarez, A.; García-Muñoz Rodrigo, F.; Izquierdo Renau, M.; Ventura, P.S. Human Milk Feeding Is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Moderate-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants. Children 2023, 10, 1267.

Abstract

Introduction The increase in survival of extremely preterm infants has led to increased rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Therefore, a potential role of human milk feeding in protecting against this condition has been suggested. Material and methods Retrospective descriptive study based on data about morbidity in the population of infants born from 22+0 to 26+6 weeks of gestation, included in the Spanish network SEN1500 during the period 2004-2019 and who were alive at discharge. The primary outcome was moderate-severe BPD. In addition, associated conditions were studied, including breastfeeding at discharge. The temporal trends of BPD and breastfeeding rates at discharge were also studied. Results In the study population of 4341 infants who survived to discharge, the rate of moderate-severe BPD was 43,7% and increased over the period to a rate >50% in the last three years. The factors significantly associated with a higher risk of moderate-severe BPD were male sex, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, patent ductus arteriosus, and late-onset sepsis. Exclusive human milk feeding at discharge and any amount of human milk at discharge were associated with a lower incidence of moderate-severe BPD (OR 0.752, 95% CI 0.629-0.901, and OR 0.714, 95% CI 0.602-0.847, respectively). The rates of human milk at discharge in infants with moderate-severe BPD increased over the period. In the last years, more than one-third of extremely preterm infants were discharged on exclusive human milk feeds, and about two-thirds of them on any amount of human milk feeding. Conclusions
The results of the present study strongly support the role of any amount of human milk in preventing BDP in extremely preterm infants.

Keywords

bronchopulmonary dysplasia; extremely preterm infants; human milk; breastfeeding

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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