Rada, S.; Pintea, A.; Opre, R.; Unguresan, M.; Popa, A. Recycled and Nickel- or Cobalt-Doped Lead Materials from Lead Acid Battery: Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Studies. Materials2023, 16, 4507.
Rada, S.; Pintea, A.; Opre, R.; Unguresan, M.; Popa, A. Recycled and Nickel- or Cobalt-Doped Lead Materials from Lead Acid Battery: Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Studies. Materials 2023, 16, 4507.
Rada, S.; Pintea, A.; Opre, R.; Unguresan, M.; Popa, A. Recycled and Nickel- or Cobalt-Doped Lead Materials from Lead Acid Battery: Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Studies. Materials2023, 16, 4507.
Rada, S.; Pintea, A.; Opre, R.; Unguresan, M.; Popa, A. Recycled and Nickel- or Cobalt-Doped Lead Materials from Lead Acid Battery: Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Studies. Materials 2023, 16, 4507.
Abstract
This paper proposes the recycling of plates from spent car batteries by the melt quenching method and the incorporation of NiO or Co3O4 contents in order to improve the electrochemical performance of new materials for applications as electrodes on batteries. The analysis of X - ray diffractograms indicates the gradual decrease of the sulfated crystalline phases, respectively 4PbO•PbSO4 and PbO•PbSO4 phases until their disappearance for higher dopant concentrations. IR data show a decreasing trend in the intensity of the bands assigned to sulfate ions and a conversion of [PbO3] pyramidal units into [PbO4] tetrahedral units by doping with high dopant levels yielding to the formation of the PbO2 crystalline phase. The EPR data indicate three resonance lines centered on the gyromagnetic factor, g ~ 2, 2.2 and 8, which are dependent on the NiO level. The first two resonance lines are assigned to nickel ions in higher oxidation states and the last signal centered at g ~ 8 corresponds to nickel metal nanoparticles. This compositional evolution can be explained by considering a process of drastic reduction of nickel ions in oxidation states superior to metallic nickel. The linewidth and the intensity of resonance lines situated at about g ~ 2, 2.17, 4.22 and 7.8 corresponding to the Co+2 ions from EPR spectra depend very strongly on the Co3O4 concentration. The best reversibility of the cyclic voltammograms was highlighted for the samples with x = 8 mol% NiO and 10 mol% Co3O4, which are recommended as suitable in applications as electrode for renewable batteries.
Keywords
recycled plates from spent car battery: electrodes; spectroscopic method; cyclic voltammetry
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Electrochemistry
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
