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Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)-Associated Molecular Signatures in Cell Signaling during Tissue Differentiation and in Non-tumoral Diseases
Librizzi, M.; Naselli, F.; Abruscato, G.; Luparello, C.; Caradonna, F. Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)-Associated Molecular Signatures in Tissue Differentiation and Non-Tumoral Diseases. Biology2023, 12, 950.
Librizzi, M.; Naselli, F.; Abruscato, G.; Luparello, C.; Caradonna, F. Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)-Associated Molecular Signatures in Tissue Differentiation and Non-Tumoral Diseases. Biology 2023, 12, 950.
Librizzi, M.; Naselli, F.; Abruscato, G.; Luparello, C.; Caradonna, F. Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)-Associated Molecular Signatures in Tissue Differentiation and Non-Tumoral Diseases. Biology2023, 12, 950.
Librizzi, M.; Naselli, F.; Abruscato, G.; Luparello, C.; Caradonna, F. Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)-Associated Molecular Signatures in Tissue Differentiation and Non-Tumoral Diseases. Biology 2023, 12, 950.
Abstract
Parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is encoded by PTHLH gene which, by alternative promoter usage and splicing mechanisms, can give rise to at least three isoforms of 139, 141 and 173 amino acids with distinct C-terminals. PTHrP is subjected to different post-translational processing that generates smaller bioactive forms, comprising amino terminus, midregion (containing a nuclear/nucleolar targeting signal) and carboxy terminus peptides. Both the full-length protein and the discrete peptides are key controllers of viability, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in diverse normal and pathological biological systems via the reprogramming of gene expression and remodulation of PKA or PKC-mediated signalization mechanisms. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies on PTHrP-associated signatures as revealed by molecular profiling assays, focusing on the available data about exemplary differentiating, differentiated or non-tumoral cell and tissue models. In particular, the data presented relate to adipose, bone, dental, cartilaginous and skin tissues, and also intestinal, renal, hepatic, pulmonary and pancreatic epithelia, with a focus on hepatic fibrosis-, pancreatitis- and diabetes-related changes as diseased states. Whether reported, the biochemical and/or physiological aspects associated with the specific molecular modulation of gene expression and signal transduction pathways in the target model systems under examination will be also briefly commented.
Biology and Life Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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