Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Environmentally Friendly New Catalyst Using Waste Alkaline Solution from Aluminum Production for the Synthesis of Biodiesel in Aqueous Medium

Sandro Luiz Barbosa
* ORCID logo ,
DAVID LEE NELSON
ORCID logo ,
Lucas Paconio Silva
,
Moises Pedro
,
WALLANS TORRES PIO DOS SANTOS
,
ALEXANDRE PEREIRA WENTZ
ORCID logo ,
Fernando L. P. Pessoa
,
Foster A. Agblavor
,
Daniel A. Bortoleto
ORCID logo ,
Maria B. de Freitas Marques
,
Lucas D. Zanatta
Version 1 : Received: 4 May 2023 / Approved: 6 May 2023 / Online: 6 May 2023 (05:00:47 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Barbosa, S.L.; Nelson, D.L.; Paconio, L.; Pedro, M.; dos Santos, W.T.P.; Wentz, A.P.; Pessoa, F.L.P.; Agblevor, F.A.; Bortoleto, D.A.; de Freitas-Marques, M.B.; Zanatta, L.D. Environmentally Friendly New Catalyst Using Waste Alkaline Solution from Aluminum Production for the Synthesis of Biodiesel in Aqueous Medium. Bioengineering 2023, 10, 692. Barbosa, S.L.; Nelson, D.L.; Paconio, L.; Pedro, M.; dos Santos, W.T.P.; Wentz, A.P.; Pessoa, F.L.P.; Agblevor, F.A.; Bortoleto, D.A.; de Freitas-Marques, M.B.; Zanatta, L.D. Environmentally Friendly New Catalyst Using Waste Alkaline Solution from Aluminum Production for the Synthesis of Biodiesel in Aqueous Medium. Bioengineering 2023, 10, 692.

Abstract

Red mud (RM) is composed of a waste alkaline solution (pH = 13.3) obtained from the production of alumina. It contains high concentrations of soluble hematite (Fe2O3), goetite (FeOOH), gibisite [Al(OH)3], a boemite (AlOOH), anatase (Tetragonal - TiO2), rutile (Ditetragonal dipyramidal - TiO2), hydrogarnets [Ca3Al2(SiO4)3−x(OH)4x], and perovskite (CaTiO3). It was shown to be an excellent catalytic mixture for biodiesel production. To demonstrate the value of RM, an environmentally friendly process of transesterification in aqueous medium using waste cooking oil (WCO), MeOH and waste alkaline solution (WAS) obtained from aluminum production was proposed. Triglycerides of WCO reacted with MeOH at 60 oC to yield mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the presence of 0.019% (w/w) WAS/WCO using the WAS (0.204 mol L-1, predetermined by potentiometric titration) from aluminum production by the Bayer process. The use of the new catalyst (WAS) resulted in a high yield of the products (greater than 99% yield).

Keywords

Environmentally friendly processes; Bayer residue; waste management; basic catalyst, contaminants, red mud, fatty acid methyl ester

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Applied Chemistry

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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