Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Bacterial Spore-Based Delivery System: 20 Years of a Versatile Approach for Innovative Vaccines
Version 1
: Received: 27 April 2023 / Approved: 27 April 2023 / Online: 27 April 2023 (15:31:29 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Isticato, R. Bacterial Spore-Based Delivery System: 20 Years of a Versatile Approach for Innovative Vaccines. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 947. Isticato, R. Bacterial Spore-Based Delivery System: 20 Years of a Versatile Approach for Innovative Vaccines. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 947.
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines offer several advantages over injectable conventional vaccines, such as adaptive immunity induction, secretory IgA production at the entry site of most pathogens, and needleless vaccinations. Despite their potential, only a few mucosal vaccines are currently used. Developing new effective mucosal vaccines strongly relies on identifying innovative anti-gens, efficient adjuvants, and delivery systems. Several approaches based on phages, bacteria, or nanoparticles have been proposed to deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces. Bacterial spores have also been considered antigen vehicles, and various antigens have been successfully exposed on their surface. Due to their peculiar structure, the spores conjugate the advantages of live microorganisms with synthetic nanoparticles. When mucosally administered, spores expressing anti-gens have been shown to induce antigen-specific, protective immune responses. This review accounts for recent progress in the formulation of spore-based mucosal vaccines, describing the spore's structure, specifically the spore surface, and the diverse approaches developed to improve its efficiency as a vehicle for heterologous antigen presentation.
Keywords
bacterial spores; spore display system technology; mucosal vaccine; spore engineering; Bacillus subtilis
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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