Version 1
: Received: 20 April 2023 / Approved: 21 April 2023 / Online: 21 April 2023 (10:23:12 CEST)
How to cite:
Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Determinants of Emissions in the Context of ESG Models at World Level. Preprints2023, 2023040718. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0718.v1
Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Determinants of Emissions in the Context of ESG Models at World Level. Preprints 2023, 2023040718. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0718.v1
Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Determinants of Emissions in the Context of ESG Models at World Level. Preprints2023, 2023040718. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0718.v1
APA Style
Costantiello, A., & Leogrande, A. (2023). The Determinants of Emissions in the Context of ESG Models at World Level. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0718.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Costantiello, A. and Angelo Leogrande. 2023 "The Determinants of Emissions in the Context of ESG Models at World Level" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0718.v1
Abstract
We estimate the determinants of Emissions-COE in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model at world level. We use data of the World Bank for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We found that the level of COE is positively associated, among others to “Methane Emissions”, “Research and Development Expenditures”, and negatively associated among others to “Renewable Energy Consumption” and “Mean Drought Index”. Furthermore, we have applied a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow Method and we find the presence of four cluster. Finally, we apply eight machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of the future value of COE and we find that the Artificial Neural Network-ANN algorithm is the best predictor. The ANN predicts a reduction in the level of COE equal to 5.69% on average for the analysed countries.
Keywords
Analysis of Collective Decision-Making, General, Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behaviour, Bureaucracy, Administrative Processes in Public Organizations, Corruption, Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation, Implementation.
Subject
Business, Economics and Management, Economics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
