Version 1
: Received: 2 April 2023 / Approved: 3 April 2023 / Online: 3 April 2023 (14:36:13 CEST)
How to cite:
Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Role of Political Stability in the Context of ESG Models at World Level. Preprints2023, 2023040030. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0030.v1
Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Role of Political Stability in the Context of ESG Models at World Level. Preprints 2023, 2023040030. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0030.v1
Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Role of Political Stability in the Context of ESG Models at World Level. Preprints2023, 2023040030. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0030.v1
APA Style
Costantiello, A., & Leogrande, A. (2023). The Role of Political Stability in the Context of ESG Models at World Level. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0030.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Costantiello, A. and Angelo Leogrande. 2023 "The Role of Political Stability in the Context of ESG Models at World Level" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0030.v1
Abstract
In this article, we estimate the role of Political Stability and Absence of Violence and Terrorism-PS in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG data at world level. We analyse data from 193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We apply Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects and Pooled Ordinary Least Square-OLS. We found that PS is positively associated, among others, to Population Density and Government Effectiveness, and negatively associated, among others, to Research and Development Expenditure and Maximum 5-day Rainfall. Furthermore, we apply the k-Means algorithm optimized with the application of the Elbow Method and we find the presence of four clusters. Finally, we propose a confrontation among eight different machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of PS and we find that the Polynomial Regression shows the higher performance. The Polynomial Regression predicts an increase in the level of PS of 0.25% on average for the analysed countries.
Keywords
Analysis of Collective Decision-Making; General; Political Processes; Rent-Seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; Voting Behaviour; Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption; Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation; Implementation
Subject
Business, Economics and Management, Economics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
