Version 1
: Received: 16 March 2023 / Approved: 21 March 2023 / Online: 21 March 2023 (11:54:03 CET)
How to cite:
Khaleque, M.A.; Choi, E.; Park, S.; You, H.; Lee, W.; Kim, D.; Kim, Y. Comparison of Injection Saline and External Fixator in Rat Tail’s Disc Degeneration. Preprints2023, 2023030376. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0376.v1
Khaleque, M.A.; Choi, E.; Park, S.; You, H.; Lee, W.; Kim, D.; Kim, Y. Comparison of Injection Saline and External Fixator in Rat Tail’s Disc Degeneration. Preprints 2023, 2023030376. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0376.v1
Khaleque, M.A.; Choi, E.; Park, S.; You, H.; Lee, W.; Kim, D.; Kim, Y. Comparison of Injection Saline and External Fixator in Rat Tail’s Disc Degeneration. Preprints2023, 2023030376. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0376.v1
APA Style
Khaleque, M.A., Choi, E., Park, S., You, H., Lee, W., Kim, D., & Kim, Y. (2023). Comparison of Injection Saline and External Fixator in Rat Tail’s Disc Degeneration. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0376.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Khaleque, M.A., Do-Kyun Kim and Young-Yul Kim. 2023 "Comparison of Injection Saline and External Fixator in Rat Tail’s Disc Degeneration" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0376.v1
Abstract
Purpose: The intervertebral disc is a leading avascular organ in the body that may gather nutrition through diffusion. It maintains homeostasis by the use of autophagy and apoptosis to survive in unfavorable conditions such as stress and mechanical force. Therefore, excessive force and stress beyond normal conditions may cause intervertebral disc degeneration. The purpose of this study was to examine which is the better method, either external fixator (EF) or saline injection (SI), for inducing autophagy and apoptosis-mediated nucleus pulposus (NP) cell death in the discs of rat tail’s. Methods: Sixteen, nine-weeks-old male Sprague–Dawley rat tails were treated with 0.9% saline and EF (two-cross Kirschner wires) for a period ofsix and twelve weeks. Treated discs were dissected to identify the participation of autophagy and apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration. For identification purposes, H&E staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LC3, beclin-1, and P62 in addition to MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 were performed. Furthermore, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to observe autophagy-related gene expression (beclin-1, LC3, and P62) and apoptosis-related gene expression (MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1). Results: TheEF group showed more insidious NP cell degeneration than the control (Ctrl) group. Degeneration was elevated with increasing compression duration of EF group, whereas the SI group could not distinguish the margin of annulus fibrosus (AF) and NP cells. LC3, beclin-1, and P62 showed the highest and lateral expression whilst MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 showed up-regulated and central expression in both groups, although the SI group could not recognize the boundary between NP and AF cells. The EF group showed the highest autophagy-related gene expression whereas the SI group showed lower expression. In addition, the EF group showed more autophagy-accumulating materials than the SI group which elevated with increasing compression duration. Furthermore, the SI group induced the highest apoptotic gene expression, but the EF group showed the lowest expression. Conclusion: The EF method was better for studying autophagy and apoptosis because it enhanced intervertebral disc degeneration after compression, which is actively linked to autophagy and apoptosis. The degeneration process was elevated by increasing the compression duration, but SI could not distinguish AF and NP cell margins.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Copyright:
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