Antibacterial Potency of Fractions from Psidium guajava Leaves and Bark Crude Extracts against Bacterial Isolates Responsible for Foodborne Infection
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Version 2 : Received: 13 March 2023 / Approved: 14 March 2023 / Online: 14 March 2023 (04:07:51 CET)
How to cite: NDAKO, J.A.; Oludipe, ,.E.O.; Junaid, S.A.; Echemita, R.F.; Fajobi, V.O.; Dojumo, V.T.; Ndako, P.J.; Omole, A.O. Antibacterial Potency of Fractions from Psidium guajava Leaves and Bark Crude Extracts against Bacterial Isolates Responsible for Foodborne Infection. Preprints 2023, 2023030098. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0098.v2 NDAKO, J.A.; Oludipe, ,.E.O.; Junaid, S.A.; Echemita, R.F.; Fajobi, V.O.; Dojumo, V.T.; Ndako, P.J.; Omole, A.O. Antibacterial Potency of Fractions from Psidium guajava Leaves and Bark Crude Extracts against Bacterial Isolates Responsible for Foodborne Infection. Preprints 2023, 2023030098. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0098.v2
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Commenter: JAMES A. NDAKO
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ABSTRACT Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a common fruit tree that grows in several tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The aim of this study was to employ the use of liquid-liquid fractionation to comparatively investigate the antibacterial potential of crude extracts of Guava leaves and bark against selected organisms obtained from food, the isolates includes; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical assay was carried out using standard methods. Analysis of the extracts showed the presence of tannin, phenol, flavonoid, and terpenoid in all the extracts, while steroid and saponin were absent in some. The agar well diffusion method was employed for the assessment of the antimicrobial properties of the extracts. The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions from the stem bark acetone extract generally showed better antimicrobial activity compared with other extracts from leaves. The extract was active both against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus) at a varying zone of inhibition. The results of the study affirmed the potential of guava leaves and bark as novel antibacterial agents while supporting their application for treatment in traditional medicine. The study likewise suggests that the optimization of these extracts could maximize their efficiency as an antimicrobial agent and invaraibly for food safety.
CONCLUSIONThis study shows the potential of identifying novel antibacterial agent from Psidium guajava leaf and stem bark, while optimising its potential application for treatment in traditional medicine. In the light of latest trends in plant natural products research and development, green synthesis of nanoparticles from guava stem and leaves could aid increase antibacterial activity, for food security, sustainable agriculture and in treatment regimen, [37–39]. Following the Sixty-second World Health Assembly-WHA resolution on Traditional Medicine (WHA62.13) for safety purposes; it is advocated that toxicological analysis be performed on the extraced fractions in dose dependent manner. Further work is suggested to isolate antibacterial compounds and characterize them from the fractions especially the stem bark and analyse same for their therapeutic and optimal development into food and pharmaceutical products.