Kubick, N.; Lazarczyk, M.; Strzałkowska, N.; Charuta, A.; Horbańczuk, J.O.; Sacharczuk, M.; Mickael, M.E. Factors Regulating the Differences in Frequency of Infiltration of Th17 and Treg of the Blood–Brain Barrier. Immunogenetics 2023, doi:10.1007/s00251-023-01310-y.
Kubick, N.; Lazarczyk, M.; Strzałkowska, N.; Charuta, A.; Horbańczuk, J.O.; Sacharczuk, M.; Mickael, M.E. Factors Regulating the Differences in Frequency of Infiltration of Th17 and Treg of the Blood–Brain Barrier. Immunogenetics 2023, doi:10.1007/s00251-023-01310-y.
Kubick, N.; Lazarczyk, M.; Strzałkowska, N.; Charuta, A.; Horbańczuk, J.O.; Sacharczuk, M.; Mickael, M.E. Factors Regulating the Differences in Frequency of Infiltration of Th17 and Treg of the Blood–Brain Barrier. Immunogenetics 2023, doi:10.1007/s00251-023-01310-y.
Kubick, N.; Lazarczyk, M.; Strzałkowska, N.; Charuta, A.; Horbańczuk, J.O.; Sacharczuk, M.; Mickael, M.E. Factors Regulating the Differences in Frequency of Infiltration of Th17 and Treg of the Blood–Brain Barrier. Immunogenetics 2023, doi:10.1007/s00251-023-01310-y.
Abstract
Controlling CD4+ immune cells infiltration of the brain is a leading aim in designing therapeutic strategies for a range of neuropathological disorders such as; multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer and depression. CD4+ T cells are a highly heterogeneous and reprogrammable family, that includes various distinctive cell types such as Th17, Th1, and Tregs. Interestingly Th17 and Tregs share a related transcriptomic profile, where the TGFβ-SMADS pathway plays a fundamental role in regulating the differentiation of both of these cell types. However, Th17 could be highly pathogenic and was shown to promote inflammation in various neuropathological disorders. Conversely, Treg is anti-inflammatory and is known to inhibit Th17. It could be noticed that Th17 frequencies of infiltration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in various neurological disorders are significantly upregulated. However, Treg infiltration numbers are significantly low. The reasons behind these contradicting observations are still unknown. In this perspective, we propose that the difference in the TCR repertoire diversity, diapedesis pathways, chemokine expression and mechanical properties of these two cell types could be contributing to answering this intriguing question.
Keywords
CD4+ T cells; TCR repertoire; Th17; Treg; paracellular and transcellular
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
