A Potential Entomological and Epidemiological Drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years

Version 1 : Received: 7 February 2023 / Approved: 9 February 2023 / Online: 9 February 2023 (08:45:48 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 15 March 2023 / Approved: 15 March 2023 / Online: 15 March 2023 (08:00:04 CET)

How to cite: Waldetensai, A.; Abose, E.; Getachew, A.; Tadesse, H.; Meharenet, B.; Hidoto, M.; Defabachew, H.; Eukubay, A.; Kassahun, A.; Gonfa, G.; Wakgari, T.; Manaye, N.; Hailemichael, T.; Kore, K.; Asfaw, N.; Hassen, J.; Mengesha, W.; Tsega, D.; Abera, A.; Bokecho, B.; Lemango, F.; Melese, T.; Mulugeta, Y.; Wossen, M.; Regassa, F.; Tasew, G.; Ali, A. A Potential Entomological and Epidemiological Drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years. Preprints 2023, 2023020159. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0159.v1 Waldetensai, A.; Abose, E.; Getachew, A.; Tadesse, H.; Meharenet, B.; Hidoto, M.; Defabachew, H.; Eukubay, A.; Kassahun, A.; Gonfa, G.; Wakgari, T.; Manaye, N.; Hailemichael, T.; Kore, K.; Asfaw, N.; Hassen, J.; Mengesha, W.; Tsega, D.; Abera, A.; Bokecho, B.; Lemango, F.; Melese, T.; Mulugeta, Y.; Wossen, M.; Regassa, F.; Tasew, G.; Ali, A. A Potential Entomological and Epidemiological Drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years. Preprints 2023, 2023020159. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0159.v1

Cite

Export citation file: Bib TeX | RIS

MDPI and ACS Style

Waldetensai, A.; Abose, E.; Getachew, A.; Tadesse, H.; Meharenet, B.; Hidoto, M.; Defabachew, H.; Eukubay, A.; Kassahun, A.; Gonfa, G.; Wakgari, T.; Manaye, N.; Hailemichael, T.; Kore, K.; Asfaw, N.; Hassen, J.; Mengesha, W.; Tsega, D.; Abera, A.; Bokecho, B.; Lemango, F.; Melese, T.; Mulugeta, Y.; Wossen, M.; Regassa, F.; Tasew, G.; Ali, A. A Potential Entomological and Epidemiological Drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years. Preprints 2023, 2023020159. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0159.v1

APA Style

Waldetensai, A., Abose, E., Getachew, A., Tadesse, H., Meharenet, B., Hidoto, M., Defabachew, H., Eukubay, A., Kassahun, A., Gonfa, G., Wakgari, T., Manaye, N., Hailemichael, T., Kore, K., Asfaw, N., Hassen, J., Mengesha, W., Tsega, D., Abera, A., Bokecho, B., Lemango, F., Melese, T., Mulugeta, Y., Wossen, M., Regassa, F., Tasew, G., & Ali, A. (2023). A Potential Entomological and Epidemiological Drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0159.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waldetensai, A., Geremew Tasew and Abraham Ali. 2023 "A Potential Entomological and Epidemiological Drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0159.v1

Abstract

Background: Sleeping Sickness, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a vector- borne disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T.b). Sleeping sickness in Ethiopia was reported in 1967 for the first time. Recently in Southern parts of Ethiopia, in August 2022, five (5) cases of sleeping sickness (T. b. rhodesiense) were confirmed. Following this outbreak, the current investigation was aimed to identify the entomological and epidemiological drivers for the reemergence of HAT outbreak and recommend appropriate interventions.Methods: A cross sectional study design with descriptive data analysis was used. Tsetse fly collection and blood samples from cattle Animal were taken. NGU and bio-conical traps were used to determine the distribution (density and abundance) of the vector. About 10μl of blood was collected from the marginal ear vein of 301 cattle animals using the heparinized microhematocrit capillary. The parasite detection was carried out through vector dissection under binocular stereo-microscope (magnification of 60X) and microscopic examination from serum of Animals using the Buffy coat method. Results: A total of 329 tsetse flies were captured and identified to Glosina (G.) palidipes 259 (60.4%) and Glossina fuscipes 70 (16.3%). 188 (51.1%) of tsetse flies were collected from Dembagofa with 94 apparent density. Among all captured Tsetse fly, 39 (11.8%) of Tsetse were fed with high female apparent density in eachecological variation: wood land (51), Bush land (20) and grass land (11). Overall, the apparent density of tsetse fly was high in Wood land (93): G. pallidipes (76.5) and Bush land (36.5). Among all examine cattles for the presence of parasite, 9 cattles were detected positive with an overall prevalence of 3%. T. congolense 6 (2%) and T. vivax 1 (0.3%) with 2 (0.7%) suspected brucei. The parasite prevalence Trypanosoma was 4 (4.6%) in poor body a condition (Bcs) cattle. The animals in age range 5 - 9 years were infected high with 7 (5.3%) prevalence. Conclusion: The current study revealed that there are high-risk factors that predispose the community to Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to the presence of two different species of Tsetse flies and many animal reservoirs. The transmissions of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are related to environmental, Vector, and human factors. Further geographically expanded investigation should be conducted throughout the country.

Keywords

Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse fly; Trypanosoma brucie rhodesiense; Human; Animal; Ethiopia

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Insect Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download PDF

Comments (0)

Not displayed online.

Importance: How significant is the paper to the field?

Outstanding/highlight paper

Significant contribution

Incremental contribution

No contribution

I am not qualified to judge

Soundness of evidence/arguments presented:

Conclusions well supported

Most conclusions supported (minor revision needed)

Incomplete evidence (major revision needed)

Hypothesis, unsupported conclusions, or proof-of-principle

I am not qualified to judge

Please leave your comment to this article below.

Mathematical equations can be typed in either LaTeX formats \\[ ... \\] or $$ ... $$, or MathML format <math> ... </math>. Try the LaTeX or MathML example.

Type equation:

Preview:

Copy equation into message below

Close menu

Please click a symbol to insert it into the message box below:

Please enter the link here:

Please enter a valid URL

Optionally, you can enter text that should appear as linked text:

Copy link into message below

Close menu

Please enter or paste the URL to the image here (please only use links to jpg/jpeg, png and gif images):

Please enter a valid URL

Copy image into message below

Close menu

Type author name or keywords to filter the list of references in this group (you can add a new citation under Bibliography):

No existing citations in Discussion Group

Wikify editor is a simple editor for wiki-style mark-up. It was written by MDPI for Sciforum in 2014. The rendering of the mark-up is based on Wiky.php with some tweaks. Rendering of mathematical equations is done with MathJax. Please send us a message for support or for reporting bugs.

Close menu

Please declare any conflicts of interest you may have with this paper, financial or otherwise.

I do not have a conflict of interest

I would like to declare a conflict of interest

Display my name on the website Send my name and email address to the authors

Captcha

Renew

I accept the following conditions:

Comments must follow the standards of professional discourse and should focus on the scientific content of the article. Insulting or offensive language, personal attacks and off-topic remarks will not be permitted. Comments must be written in English. Preprints reserves the right to remove comments without notice. Readers who post comments are obliged to declare any competing interests, financial or otherwise.

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)

* All users must log in before leaving a comment

what’s this?

Add a record of this review to Publons to track and showcase your reviewing expertise across the world’s journals.

Downloads 0

Comments 0

Get PDF Cite Share 0

Bookmark BibSonomy Mendeley Reddit Delicious

Alerts

Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.

Preprints.org is a free preprint server subsidized by MDPI in Basel, Switzerland.

MDPI Initiatives

SciProfiles
Sciforum
Encyclopedia
MDPI Books
Scilit
Proceedings
JAMS

Important links

How it Works
Advisory Board
FAQ
Friendly Journals
Instructions for Authors
About
Statistics

Choose the area that interest you and we will send you notifications of new preprints at your preferred frequency.

Disclaimer

We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.

RSS feed for

Preprints: The Multidisciplinary Preprint Platform

Paste the URL in your RSS reader:

https://www.preprints.org/rss

If you want to subscribe our website in subject-wide, you could find the URL by choosing in the following:

https://www.preprints.org/rss

Please note that by using ScienceDirect RSS feeds, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.