Bottega, E.L.; Marin, C.K.; Oliveira, Z.B.; Lamb, C.C.; Amado, T.J.C. Soil Density Characterization in Management Zones Based on Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity in Two Field Systems: Rainfeed and Center-Pivot Irrigation. AgriEngineering2023, 5, 460-472.
Bottega, E.L.; Marin, C.K.; Oliveira, Z.B.; Lamb, C.C.; Amado, T.J.C. Soil Density Characterization in Management Zones Based on Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity in Two Field Systems: Rainfeed and Center-Pivot Irrigation. AgriEngineering 2023, 5, 460-472.
Bottega, E.L.; Marin, C.K.; Oliveira, Z.B.; Lamb, C.C.; Amado, T.J.C. Soil Density Characterization in Management Zones Based on Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity in Two Field Systems: Rainfeed and Center-Pivot Irrigation. AgriEngineering2023, 5, 460-472.
Bottega, E.L.; Marin, C.K.; Oliveira, Z.B.; Lamb, C.C.; Amado, T.J.C. Soil Density Characterization in Management Zones Based on Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity in Two Field Systems: Rainfeed and Center-Pivot Irrigation. AgriEngineering 2023, 5, 460-472.
Abstract
Knowing the spatial variability of factors that influence crop yield is essential to carry out a localized treatment. The present study aimed to map the spatial variability of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) in two cultivation areas, delimit management zones (MZ), characterize the soil density (Sd) at two depths, in each MZ, and assess whether the delimitation of MZ, based on the spatial variability of ECa, was able to identify regions of the productive field with different Sd. Spatial variability of ECa was detected. MZ with the highest mean value of ECa also presented the highest mean values of Sd. The highest Sd values were observed for the 0.1 – 0.2 m layer, regardless of the studied area. Regardless of granulometry, the proposed method was able to detect density differences from ECa. The delimitation of MZ, based on the spatial variability of ECa mapping, was able to differentiate the mean values of Sd between MZ 1 (1.53 g cm-3) and MZ 2 (1.67 g cm-3) in the Area A, in the 0.1 – 0.2 m layer. A statistical difference was observed for the mean values of Sd, in MZ 1, layer 0.1 - 0.2 m, when comparing the two study areas: A (1.53 g cm-3) and B (1.64 g cm-3). We suggest that further studies should be carried out, as the mapping of the spatial variability of the apparent soil electrical conductivity showed potential in the differentiation of soil bulk density at different depths.
Biology and Life Sciences, Agricultural Science and Agronomy
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