Preprint Brief Report Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Longitudinal IgA and IgG Response, and ACE2 Binding Blockade, to Full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants in a Population of Black PLWH Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19

Version 1 : Received: 25 December 2022 / Approved: 9 January 2023 / Online: 9 January 2023 (03:30:30 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Smith, M.; Kwatra, G.; Izu, A.; Nel, A.; Cutland, C.; Ahmed, K.; Baillie, V.; Barnabas, S.; Bhorat, Q.; Briner, C.; Lazarus, E.; Dheda, K.; Fairlie, L.; Koen, A.; Madhi, S.; Blackburn, J.M. Longitudinal IgA and IgG Response, and ACE2 Binding Blockade, to Full-Length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants in a Population of Black PLWH Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Viruses 2023, 15, 448. Smith, M.; Kwatra, G.; Izu, A.; Nel, A.; Cutland, C.; Ahmed, K.; Baillie, V.; Barnabas, S.; Bhorat, Q.; Briner, C.; Lazarus, E.; Dheda, K.; Fairlie, L.; Koen, A.; Madhi, S.; Blackburn, J.M. Longitudinal IgA and IgG Response, and ACE2 Binding Blockade, to Full-Length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants in a Population of Black PLWH Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Viruses 2023, 15, 448.

Abstract

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been pivotal in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic yet understanding the subsequent outcomes and immunological effects remain crucial, especially for at-risk groups e.g. people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). In this study we report the longitudinal IgA and IgG antibody titers, as well as antibody-mediated angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding blockade, against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins after 1 and 2 doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a population of Black PLWH. Here, we report that PLWH (N = 103) did not produce an anti-S IgA response after infection or vaccination, however, anti-S IgG was detected in response to vaccination and infection, with the highest level detected for infected vaccinated participants. The anti-IgG and ACE2 blockade assays revealed that both vaccination and infection resulted in IgG production, however, only vaccination resulted in a moderate increase in ACE2 binding blockade to the ancestral S protein. Vaccination with a previous infection results in the greatest anti-S IgG and ACE2 blockade for the ancestral S protein. In conclusion, PLWH produce an anti-S IgG response to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and/or infection, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination with a previous infection produced more neutralizing antibodies than vaccination alone.

Keywords

Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein; vaccine; HIV; IgA; IgG; neutralization

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

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