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Production of Biomodified Bleached Kraft Pulp by Catalytic Conversion Using Penicillium verruculosum Enzymes: Composition, Properties, Structure and Application
Shevchenko, A.R.; Tyshkunova, I.V.; Chukhchin, D.G.; Malkov, A.V.; Toptunov, E.A.; Telitsin, V.D.; Rozhkova, A.M.; Sinitsyna, O.A.; Gofman, I.V.; Aksenov, A.S. Production of Biomodified Bleached Kraft Pulp by Catalytic Conversion Using Penicillium verruculosum Enzymes: Composition, Properties, Structure, and Application. Catalysts2023, 13, 103.
Shevchenko, A.R.; Tyshkunova, I.V.; Chukhchin, D.G.; Malkov, A.V.; Toptunov, E.A.; Telitsin, V.D.; Rozhkova, A.M.; Sinitsyna, O.A.; Gofman, I.V.; Aksenov, A.S. Production of Biomodified Bleached Kraft Pulp by Catalytic Conversion Using Penicillium verruculosum Enzymes: Composition, Properties, Structure, and Application. Catalysts 2023, 13, 103.
Shevchenko, A.R.; Tyshkunova, I.V.; Chukhchin, D.G.; Malkov, A.V.; Toptunov, E.A.; Telitsin, V.D.; Rozhkova, A.M.; Sinitsyna, O.A.; Gofman, I.V.; Aksenov, A.S. Production of Biomodified Bleached Kraft Pulp by Catalytic Conversion Using Penicillium verruculosum Enzymes: Composition, Properties, Structure, and Application. Catalysts2023, 13, 103.
Shevchenko, A.R.; Tyshkunova, I.V.; Chukhchin, D.G.; Malkov, A.V.; Toptunov, E.A.; Telitsin, V.D.; Rozhkova, A.M.; Sinitsyna, O.A.; Gofman, I.V.; Aksenov, A.S. Production of Biomodified Bleached Kraft Pulp by Catalytic Conversion Using Penicillium verruculosum Enzymes: Composition, Properties, Structure, and Application. Catalysts 2023, 13, 103.
Abstract
The global development of bioeconomy is impossible without technologies for comprehensive processing of plant renewable resources. The use of proven pretreatment technologies raises the possibility of industrial implementation of enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides from lignocellulose considering the process complexity. For instance, a well-tuned kraft pulping produces a substrate easily degraded by cellulases and hemicelulases. Enzymatic hydrolysis of bleached hardwood kraft pulp was carried out using an enzyme complex of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, b-glucosidases and xylanases produced by recombinant strains of Penicillium verruculosum at a 10 FPU/g mixture rate and a 10 % substrate concentration. As a result of biocatalysis the following products are obtained: sugar solution, mainly glucose, xylobiose, xylose, as well as other minor reducing sugars; modified complex based on cellulose and xylan. The composition of biomodified kraft pulp was determined involving the use of HPLC. The method for determining the degree of crystallinity on an X-ray diffractometer was used to characterize the properties. The article shows the possibility of producing modified cellulose cryogels by amorphization with concentrated 85 % H3PO4 followed by precipitation with water and supercritical drying. Analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysate composition reveals the predominance of glucose (55...67 %) in reducing sugars with a maximum content of up to 6 % in the solution after 72 hours. The properties and structure of modified kraft pulp were shown to change during biocatalysis, in particular, the degree of crystallinity increased by 5 % after 3 hours of enzymatic hydrolysis. We obtained cryogels based on the initial and biomodified kraft pulp with conversion rates of 35, 50 and 70 %. The properties of these cryogels are not inferior to those based on industrial microcrystalline cellulose, as confirmed by the specific surface area, degree of swelling, porosity and SEM images. Thus, kraft pulp enzymatic hydrolysis offers prospects not only for producing sugar-rich hydrolysates for microbiological synthesis, but also for producing cellulose powders and cryogels with specified properties.
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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