Article
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Quality Assessment of Sludge from Filter Washings in Swimming Pool Facilities
Version 1
: Received: 6 December 2022 / Approved: 7 December 2022 / Online: 7 December 2022 (10:22:15 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Łaskawiec, E. Quality Assessment of Sludge from Filter Backwash Water in Swimming Pool Facilities. Sustainability 2023, 15, 1811. Łaskawiec, E. Quality Assessment of Sludge from Filter Backwash Water in Swimming Pool Facilities. Sustainability 2023, 15, 1811.
Abstract
Swimming pools are examples of water-intensive facilities, where solutions for reducing economic and environmental costs are increasingly frequently searched. One of the solutions is the recovery of water from wastewater, including from washings obtained through the process of rinsing filter bed. The study objective was the qualitative and quantitative assessment of post-coagulation sludges, the main pollutant found in the washings. During the analyses, assessment of the sedimentation capabilities of the sludges was performed (gravitationally), particle size distribution was assessed (particle size distribution analyzer) and assessment of phytotoxicity with the use of plant indicators in short-term tests was performed (Lemna minor, Lepidium sativum, Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus). The samples were collected from two independent circulations, which differed in terms of capacity and type of coagulant used. The tested post-coagulation sludges were characterized by high content of total suspended solids: in samples from Circulation 1 from 251 to 128 mg/l, in Circulation 2 from 489 to 228 mg/l. However, the sedimentation processes enabled significant separation of sludges. The hydrolyzed coagulant contributed to the improvement of sedimentation capabilities of sludges. Despite the fact that in many samples low sludge concentrations favored stimulation of plant growth, the post-coagulation sludges can constitute a hazard to plant growth, particularly in the long-term perspective.
Keywords
ecotoxicology; post-coagulation sludge; phytotoxicity; inhibition test; germination inhibition test; particle size distribution; pressure sand filter; circular economy; toxicity classification; gravitational properties of sludge
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comments (0)
We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.
Leave a public commentSend a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
