Preprint Article Version 8 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Imaginary Universe

Version 1 : Received: 2 December 2022 / Approved: 2 December 2022 / Online: 2 December 2022 (09:58:36 CET)
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Version 17 : Received: 19 October 2023 / Approved: 20 October 2023 / Online: 20 October 2023 (04:33:33 CEST)

How to cite: Łukaszyk, S. The Imaginary Universe. Preprints 2022, 2022120045. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v8 Łukaszyk, S. The Imaginary Universe. Preprints 2022, 2022120045. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v8

Abstract

Imaginary dimensions in physics require an imaginary set of base Planck units and some negative parameter cn corresponding to the speed of light in vacuum c. Fresnel coefficients for the normal incidence of electromagnetic radiation on monolayer graphene introduce the second, negative fine-structure constant α2−1≈−140.178 as a fundamental constant of nature and this constant introduces these imaginary base Planck units along with this negative parameter cn≈−3.06×108 [m/s]. Neutron stars and white dwarfs, considered as objects emitting perfect black-body radiation, are conjectured to possess energy exceeding their mass-energy equivalence ratios, wherein the imaginary parts of two complex energies inaccessible for direct observation make storing excess of these energies possible. With this assumption, black holes are fundamentally uncharged; charged micro neutron stars and white dwarfs with masses lower than 5.7275×10−10 [kg] cannot be observed; and the radii of white dwarfs' cores are limited to RWD<6.7933 GMWD/c2. A black-body object is in the equilibrium of complex energies of mass, charge, and electromagnetic radiation if its radius Req≈2.7665 GMBBO/c2.

Keywords

emergent dimensionality; imaginary dimensions; Planck units; fine-structure constant; black holes; neutron stars; white dwarfs; complex energy; complex force; Buchdahl's theorem; photon sphere; holographic principle; mathematical physics

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 20 March 2023
Commenter: Szymon Łukaszyk
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: 1. Photonic complex energies.
2. Black-body object in equilibrium for k~2.7665.
3. Complex forces simplification.
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