Nogueira, I.; Català, M.; White, A.D.; Sharpe, S.A.; Bechini, J.; Prats, C.; Vilaplana, C.; Cardona, P.-J. Surveillance of Daughter Micronodule Formation Is a Key Factor for Vaccine Evaluation Using Experimental Infection Models of Tuberculosis in Macaques. Pathogens2023, 12, 236.
Nogueira, I.; Català, M.; White, A.D.; Sharpe, S.A.; Bechini, J.; Prats, C.; Vilaplana, C.; Cardona, P.-J. Surveillance of Daughter Micronodule Formation Is a Key Factor for Vaccine Evaluation Using Experimental Infection Models of Tuberculosis in Macaques. Pathogens 2023, 12, 236.
Nogueira, I.; Català, M.; White, A.D.; Sharpe, S.A.; Bechini, J.; Prats, C.; Vilaplana, C.; Cardona, P.-J. Surveillance of Daughter Micronodule Formation Is a Key Factor for Vaccine Evaluation Using Experimental Infection Models of Tuberculosis in Macaques. Pathogens2023, 12, 236.
Nogueira, I.; Català, M.; White, A.D.; Sharpe, S.A.; Bechini, J.; Prats, C.; Vilaplana, C.; Cardona, P.-J. Surveillance of Daughter Micronodule Formation Is a Key Factor for Vaccine Evaluation Using Experimental Infection Models of Tuberculosis in Macaques. Pathogens 2023, 12, 236.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a worldwide major health problem and models using non-human primates (NHP) provide the most relevant approach for vaccine testing. In this study we have analysed CT images collected from cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, following exposure to ultra-low dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) aerosols, and monitored them for 16 weeks to evaluate the impact of prior intradermal or inhaled BCG-vaccination on the progression of lung disease. All lesions found (2553) have been classified according to their size and we have subclassified small micronodules (<4.4 mm) as ‘isolated’, or as ‘daughter’ when they are in contact with consolidation (described as lesions ≥ 4.5 mm). Our data links the higher capacity to contain Mtb infection in cynomolgus with the reduced incidence of daughter micronodules, thus avoiding the development of consolidated lesions and their consequent enlargement and evolution to cavitation. In the case of rhesus, intradermal vaccination has a higher capacity to reduce the formation of daughter. This study supports the ‘Bubble Model’ defined with the C3HBe/FeJ mice and proposes a new method to evaluate outcome in experimental models of TB in NHP based on CT images, which would fit a future machine learning approach to evaluate new vaccines.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pathology and Pathobiology
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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