Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Journey of Cancer Cells to the Brain: Challenges and Opportunities

Michel Mickael
* ORCID logo ,
Marzena Łazarczyk
* ORCID logo ,
Dominik Skiba
,
Michał Ławiński
,
Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
,
Piotr Religa
,
Mariusz Sacharczuk
Version 1 : Received: 11 November 2022 / Approved: 16 November 2022 / Online: 16 November 2022 (08:44:03 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Łazarczyk, M.; Mickael, M.E.; Skiba, D.; Kurzejamska, E.; Ławiński, M.; Horbańczuk, J.O.; Radziszewski, J.; Fraczek, K.; Wolinska, R.; Paszkiewicz, J.; et al. The Journey of Cancer Cells to the Brain: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24, 3854, doi:10.3390/ijms24043854. Łazarczyk, M.; Mickael, M.E.; Skiba, D.; Kurzejamska, E.; Ławiński, M.; Horbańczuk, J.O.; Radziszewski, J.; Fraczek, K.; Wolinska, R.; Paszkiewicz, J.; et al. The Journey of Cancer Cells to the Brain: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24, 3854, doi:10.3390/ijms24043854.

Abstract

Cancer metastasis into the brain constitutes one of the most severe but not uncommon development of cancer growth. Several factors control how cancer types interact with the brain to establish metastasis These factors include system of migration, system of infiltration of the blood-brain barrier and the interaction with host cells (e.g., neurons, astrocytes) and the immune system fight against metastasis in the brain. Although, brain radiotherapy is the main treatment procedure carried out to treat, new therapies are emerging that constitute a glimpse of hope for increasing the diminutive life expectancy currently forecasted to cancer patients who are facing the prospectus of brain metastasis. However applying these therapeutic strategies has been has not been effective. Thus there is a need for better understanding of the metastasis process in order to suggest novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we follow the journey of various cancer cells from their primary location through the various process that they undergo including EMT, penetration of the ECM, intravasation, extravasation and infiltration of the blood brain barrier ending up with colonization and angiogenesis. In each phase, we focus on molecules that could potentially be drug target candidates.

Keywords

T cells; metastasis

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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