Alterations of the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response of the Peripheral Blood Granulocytes to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Deceased COVID-19 Patients

Neven Zarkovic; Michał Biernacki; Piotr Wójcik; Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz; Biserka Orehovec; Bruno Baršić; Marko Tarle; Marta Kmet; Ivica Lukšić; Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0298.v1

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > immunology and microbiology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202209.0298.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Alterations of the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response of the Peripheral Blood Granulocytes to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Deceased COVID-19 Patients

Neven Zarkovic

^* ,

Michał Biernacki

Piotr Wójcik

Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz

Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Version 1 : Received: 19 September 2022 / Approved: 20 September 2022 / Online: 20 September 2022 (09:24:19 CEST)

How to cite: Zarkovic, N.; Biernacki, M.; Wójcik, P.; Jarocka-Karpowicz, I.; Orehovec, B.; Baršić, B.; Tarle, M.; Kmet, M.; Lukšić, I.; Skrzydlewska, E. Alterations of the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response of the Peripheral Blood Granulocytes to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Deceased COVID-19 Patients. Preprints 2022, 2022090298. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202209.0298.v1 Zarkovic, N.; Biernacki, M.; Wójcik, P.; Jarocka-Karpowicz, I.; Orehovec, B.; Baršić, B.; Tarle, M.; Kmet, M.; Lukšić, I.; Skrzydlewska, E. Alterations of the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response of the Peripheral Blood Granulocytes to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Deceased COVID-19 Patients. Preprints 2022, 2022090298. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202209.0298.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zarkovic, N.; Biernacki, M.; Wójcik, P.; Jarocka-Karpowicz, I.; Orehovec, B.; Baršić, B.; Tarle, M.; Kmet, M.; Lukšić, I.; Skrzydlewska, E. Alterations of the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response of the Peripheral Blood Granulocytes to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Deceased COVID-19 Patients. Preprints 2022, 2022090298. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202209.0298.v1

APA Style

Zarkovic, N., Biernacki, M., Wójcik, P., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., Orehovec, B., Baršić, B., Tarle, M., Kmet, M., Lukšić, I., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2022). Alterations of the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response of the Peripheral Blood Granulocytes to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Deceased COVID-19 Patients. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202209.0298.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zarkovic, N., Ivica Lukšić and Elżbieta Skrzydlewska. 2022 "Alterations of the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response of the Peripheral Blood Granulocytes to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Deceased COVID-19 Patients" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202209.0298.v1

Abstract

Abstract: It is assumed that upon SARS-CoV-2 infection granulocytes can undergo potentially destructive oxidative burst. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate some parameters of redox and inflammatory signaling in granulocytes of recovered and of deceased COVID-19 pa-tients. Granulocytes were isolated from the blood of 32 COVID-19 patients on admission to the hospital (16 survived and 16 died within a week). The levels of proteins (immunoassay), eico-sanoids (UPLC-MS) and antioxidants activity (spectrophotometry) were examined. Enhanced activation of Nrf2 and NFκB and the levels of heme oxygenase and proinflammatory cytokines where found in granulocytes of all COVID-19 patients, while Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities were decreased, especially in deceased patients. Moreover, in patients who died increased levels of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE2 and TXB2) and decreased of anti-inflammatory (15d-PGJ2 and 5-HETE) were observed. However TXB2 was decreased, and IL-2 and IL-10 levels were in-creased in survivors, if compared both to healthy subjects and deceased patients, who did not change their cytokine generation. Therefore, it seems that by triggering transcription factors granulocytes activate redox signaling, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, while reducing cellular antioxidant capacity via SOD, they express altered response to COVID-19, which might result in the onset of the vicious cycle of systemic oxidative stress in deceased patients.

Keywords

granulocytes; COVID-19; antioxidants; inflammation; eicosanoids; receptors-coupled G protein; SOD

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Received: 28 September 2022
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