Version 1
: Received: 30 July 2022 / Approved: 2 August 2022 / Online: 2 August 2022 (07:50:03 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 11 January 2023 / Approved: 12 January 2023 / Online: 12 January 2023 (02:36:30 CET)
Mawad, R., Madbouly, H., & Mahdy, E. (2022). Solar activity cycles recur epidemic and pandemic viruses: Space weather’s alerts. Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science, 33(Issue 2-B), 71-83. doi: 10.21608/absb.2022.149409.1197
Mawad, R., Madbouly, H., & Mahdy, E. (2022). Solar activity cycles recur epidemic and pandemic viruses: Space weather’s alerts. Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science, 33(Issue 2-B), 71-83. doi: 10.21608/absb.2022.149409.1197
Mawad, R., Madbouly, H., & Mahdy, E. (2022). Solar activity cycles recur epidemic and pandemic viruses: Space weather’s alerts. Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science, 33(Issue 2-B), 71-83. doi: 10.21608/absb.2022.149409.1197
Mawad, R., Madbouly, H., & Mahdy, E. (2022). Solar activity cycles recur epidemic and pandemic viruses: Space weather’s alerts. Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science, 33(Issue 2-B), 71-83. doi: 10.21608/absb.2022.149409.1197
Abstract
In this paper, we study pandemic viruses that spread during the period (1759-2020). Our findings and results include the following: (1) the pandemic severity level has a negative correlation with the strength of solar activity; (2) pandemic viruses have three types according to their compatibility with solar activity association. Most of them spread through the quiet Sun, where viruses survive better in cold and rainy weather; (3) the emergence of new strains of influenza viruses was manifested in two ways. First, the annual epidemics due to antigenic drift. Second, pandemics recur at 1-12 solar cycles (~11-120 years) due to new virus subtypes resulting from virus reassortment; (4) pandemic viruses have two groups according to their recurring period: first, recurring in nine solar cycles; second, recurring in twelve solar cycles. Furthermore, we reassortment pandemic viruses from their previous spread in the same periodic classification. Moreover, we derivative a periodicity formula of each subtype of pandemic viruses as spread date.
Keywords
Space weather; Solar terrestrial connection; Climate change; Solar cycle; Environment; Epidemiology
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
