Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

STEAP1-4 (Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1-4) and their Clinical Implications for Prostate Cancer

Michael Xu
ORCID logo ,
Latese Evans
,
Candice L Bizzaro
,
Fabio Quaglia
,
Cecilia E Verrillo
,
Li Li
,
Julia Stieglmaier
,
Matthew J Schiewer
,
Lucia R Languino
,
William K Kelly
*
Version 1 : Received: 28 July 2022 / Approved: 29 July 2022 / Online: 29 July 2022 (14:02:03 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Xu, M.; Evans, L.; Bizzaro, C.L.; Quaglia, F.; Verrillo, C.E.; Li, L.; Stieglmaier, J.; Schiewer, M.J.; Languino, L.R.; Kelly, W.K. STEAP1–4 (Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1–4) and Their Clinical Implications for Prostate Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 4034. Xu, M.; Evans, L.; Bizzaro, C.L.; Quaglia, F.; Verrillo, C.E.; Li, L.; Stieglmaier, J.; Schiewer, M.J.; Languino, L.R.; Kelly, W.K. STEAP1–4 (Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1–4) and Their Clinical Implications for Prostate Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 4034.

Abstract

Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1-4 (STEAP1-4) compose a family of metalloproteinases involved in iron and copper homeostasis and other cellular processes. Thus far, five homologs are known: STEAP1, STEAP1B, STEAP2, STEAP3, and STEAP4. In prostate cancer, STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 are overexpressed while STEAP3 expression is downregulated. Although the metalloreductase activities of STEAP1-4 are well-documented, their other biological functions are not. Furthermore, the properties and expression levels of STEAP heterotrimers, homotrimers, heterodimers, and homodimers are not well-understood. Nevertheless, studies over the last few decades have provided sufficient impetus to investigate STEAP1-4 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. In particular, STEAP1 is the target of many emerging immunotherapies. Herein, we give an overview of the structure, physiology, and pathophysiology of STEAP1-4 to provide context for past and current efforts to translate STEAP1-4 into the clinic.

Keywords

prostate cancer; six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate; biomarker; immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; T-cell engaging antibody

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Urology and Nephrology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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