Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space

Amrit Ladhani

doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2

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preprints.org > physical sciences > astronomy and astrophysics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2

Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space

Amrit Ladhani

Version 1 : Received: 5 July 2022 / Approved: 7 July 2022 / Online: 7 July 2022 (09:23:27 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 14 July 2022 / Approved: 15 July 2022 / Online: 15 July 2022 (12:09:47 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 17 July 2022 / Approved: 18 July 2022 / Online: 18 July 2022 (10:23:23 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 17 August 2022 / Approved: 19 August 2022 / Online: 19 August 2022 (04:35:00 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 5 March 2023 / Approved: 6 March 2023 / Online: 6 March 2023 (16:14:30 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 15 December 2023 / Approved: 15 December 2023 / Online: 18 December 2023 (06:27:08 CET)

How to cite: Ladhani, A. Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2 Ladhani, A. Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ladhani, A. Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2

APA Style

Ladhani, A. (2022). Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ladhani, A. 2022 "Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v2

Abstract

We propose a cosmological model in which the Big Bang was not the beginning of space and time; there was a previous phase leading up to it, with multiple cycles of contraction and expansion that repeat indefinitely; from big bang to big crunch. The observed accelerated expansion, which relates the change in the space, to change in the stretching of shrink space for the new theory, is derived. As pressure of shrink space decreases, the expansion of space increases, that is although in general, decelerate in the pressure of shrink space leads to accelerate the stretching of space. (pressure of shrink space approaching zero at the end of accelerated expansion, or when all the shrinked space stretches), after that a period of slow contraction begins, thus bringing the universe back to contract to its initial state, ending in a Big Crunch. The universe will not always continue to expanding, no need however, for dark energy. The new definition of eternal space enables us to describe a sequence of events from the Big Bang to the Big Crunch.

Keywords

Quantum Space; Big Bang Cosmology; Cyclic Eternal Universe; Gravitational Force; Shrink Space

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (1)

Comment 1

Received: 15 July 2022
Commenter: Amrit Ladhani
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author

Comment: We Reviewing the overall scenario and its implications, what is most remarkable is that the our model can differ so much from the standard picture in terms of the origin of space and time and the sequence of cosmic events that lead to our current universe. Yet, the model requires no more assumptions or tunings (and by some measures less) to match the current observations. It appears that we now have two disparate possibilities: a universe with a definite beginning and It could be that our universe is cyclic and no beginning; there may have been Big Bangs before ours. The ultimate arbiter will be Nature.

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