Version 1
: Received: 31 March 2022 / Approved: 4 April 2022 / Online: 4 April 2022 (14:39:11 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 13 June 2022 / Approved: 14 June 2022 / Online: 14 June 2022 (11:40:16 CEST)
How to cite:
Melendres, C. A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe. Preprints2022, 2022040019. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v1
Melendres, C. A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe. Preprints 2022, 2022040019. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v1
Melendres, C. A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe. Preprints2022, 2022040019. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v1
APA Style
Melendres, C. (2022). <strong> </strong>A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Melendres, C. 2022 "<strong> </strong>A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v1
Abstract
We present a Quantum Space Model (QSM) of cosmic evolution based on the theory that space consists of energy quanta which participates in the evolution of the universe. It shows that Dark Energy is the energy of space which causes its accelerating expansion. We used the Friedmann equations to trace the history of the cosmos from a time before the Big Bang to its ultimate end. The universe started from a quantum size volume of space with high energy density.Quantum fluctuations triggered the release of energy in a Big Bang at very high temperature and pressure. It then expanded and cooled undergoing phase transitions to radiation, fundamental particles, and matter. Matter grew into galaxies, and was further consolidated by gravity into Dark Energy Stars/Black Holes, ending in a Big Crunch at about 1.380 trillion years, thus bringing the universe back to its initial state. It can stay in a Deep Feeeze inside a Black Hole and through fluctuations or other mechanism may start a new cycle in its life with a new Bang. If the Law of Conservation of Energy is universal, then the cosmos is eternal. Space and energy are equivalent just as matter and energy are. This is well founded in Planck’s energy equation. They are the two most fundamental quantities in the universe that govern cosmic evolution. The two principal long range forces are the gravitational force and the space force.The latter could be the fifth force in the universe. They may provide the clockwork mechanism that operates our eternal cyclic universe.
Keywords
Quantum Space; spaceons; cosmic evolution; Friedmann equation; cyclic eternal universe; gravitational force; space force
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
