Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Typology of Small-Holder and Commercial Shrimp (Penaeus Vannamei) Farms, Including Threats and Challenges in Davao Region, Philippines

Version 1 : Received: 22 February 2022 / Approved: 10 March 2022 / Online: 10 March 2022 (03:17:27 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 24 April 2022 / Approved: 25 April 2022 / Online: 25 April 2022 (05:52:22 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Clapano, M.B.; Diuyan, J.M.T.; Rapiz, F.G.B.; Macusi, E.D. Typology of Smallholder and Commercial Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Farms, including Threats and Challenges in Davao Region, Philippines. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5713. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095713 Clapano, M.B.; Diuyan, J.M.T.; Rapiz, F.G.B.; Macusi, E.D. Typology of Smallholder and Commercial Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Farms, including Threats and Challenges in Davao Region, Philippines. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5713. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095713

Abstract

The shrimp industry in the Philippines play a vital role in the local and national economy through exports with markets abroad such as in South Korea, Japan, the USA, and others. This study aimed to describe the various cultural and operational characteristics of small-holder and commercial shrimp farms (P. vannamei) in the Davao region. It also evaluated the current risks and challenges faced by the shrimp farmers. A semi-structured questionnaire that focused on shrimp farmers, and operators in the region was used to collect data with N=41 farmers and operator. The results showed that respondents were engaged in small-holder farming activities which had an average yield of 10 tons/ha. On the other hand, the commercial farms that operate intensively had an average yield of 24 tons/ha. Most small-holder operators used electric generator machines to conduct aeration in their farms using paddlewheels and blowers. For the commercial farms, more paddlewheels and blowers were employed per pond compared to small-holder farms. Generally, the income of a farm was related to the yield of farms or the number of fries rather than social factors or size of farms cultivated. In terms of input costs, feeds were found to have the highest input costs, followed by the fry, fuel, labor, and others (fertilizers and water treatment chemicals). Most of the farmers mentioned that they are affected by diseases such as white spot syndrome (60%), black gills (35%), and red tail (5%). They perceived that the main contamination come from the water source (31%). The main threats mentioned are declining shrimp prices in the market, source of fry, water disposal, and overstocking, and water quality. Based on this study, farmers should follow good shrimp aquaculture practices and there is a need for them to regularly monitor their water quality.

Keywords

Aquaculture; Davao Oriental; management; Mati City; shrimp farms; water quality

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science

Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 25 April 2022
Commenter: Edison Roi Macusi
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: The title was changed, there was an increase in various comparisons made between the small-holder and commercial P. vannamei shrimp farmers being compared including the revenues where we made some changes, and the conclusion was made briefer.
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