Preprint Review Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Role of Seawater and Saline Solutions in Treatment of Respiratory Conditions

Danijela Štanfel
* ORCID logo ,
Livije Kalogjera
,
Sergej V. Ryazantsev
,
Kristina Hlača
* ,
Elena Y. Radtsig
ORCID logo ,
Rashidov Teimuraz
,
Pero Hrabač
,
Vasyl I. Popovich
Version 1 : Received: 23 February 2022 / Approved: 24 February 2022 / Online: 24 February 2022 (11:01:41 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 28 February 2022 / Approved: 1 March 2022 / Online: 1 March 2022 (07:32:11 CET)
Version 3 : Received: 18 March 2022 / Approved: 21 March 2022 / Online: 21 March 2022 (09:16:41 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Štanfel, D.; Kalogjera, L.; Ryazantsev, S.V.; Hlača, K.; Radtsig, E.Y.; Teimuraz, R.; Hrabač, P. The Role of Seawater and Saline Solutions in Treatment of Upper Respiratory Conditions. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 330. Štanfel, D.; Kalogjera, L.; Ryazantsev, S.V.; Hlača, K.; Radtsig, E.Y.; Teimuraz, R.; Hrabač, P. The Role of Seawater and Saline Solutions in Treatment of Upper Respiratory Conditions. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 330.

DOI: 10.3390/md20050330

Abstract

The history of saline nasal irrigation (SNI) is indeed a long one, beginning from the ancient Ayurvedic practices and starting to gain a foothold in the west at the beginning of 20th century. Today, there is a growing number of papers covering effects of SNI from in vitro studies to randomized clinical trials and literature overviews. Based on the recommendations of most of the European and American professional associations, seawater, alone or in combination with other preparations, has its place in treatment of numerous conditions of the upper respiratory tract (URT), primarily in chronic (rhino)sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, acute URT infections and postoperative recovery. Additionally, taking into account its multiple mechanisms of action and mounting evidence from recent studies, locally applied seawater preparations may have an important role in prevention of viral and bacterial infections of the URT. Therefore, in this review we discuss results published in the past years focused on the seawater preparations and their use in clinical and everyday conditions, since such products are superior to saline, have an excellent safety profile and are recommended by most professional associations in the field of otorhinolaryngology.

Keywords

seawater, seawater preparation, Aqua Maris, nasal irrigation, upper respiratory track, otorhinolaryngology

Subject

MEDICINE & PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacology & Toxicology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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